| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| High blood pressure and renal lesions. Curable with hypnosis? Unterberger, P. G. (2002), MMW Fortschr Med 144(9): 12. |
| High blood pressure and risk selection Hunzicker, W. J. (1970), Proc Annu Meet Med Sect Am Life Conv 58: 89-96. |
| High blood pressure and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: findings in a 11.5 year follow-up study in The Netherlands Stolk, R. P., I. P. van Splunder, et al. (1993), Eur J Epidemiol 9(2): 134-9. Abstract: To examine the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a prospective follow-up study was performed of a cohort, initially examined in a population survey on cardiovascular risk factors. The survey was conducted from 1975 to 1978 in the Netherlands among 5700 men and women aged 20 to 65. In 1988 a questionnaire on the prevalence of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, was sent to all living participants of the initial survey. The general practitioners of the persons who indicated to have diabetes mellitus were asked to confirm the diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus was defined as current use of oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. After exclusion of the prevalent cases at the initial survey, 65 incident confirmed cases remained. All others responding to the questionnaire served as controls. The incidence of diabetes mellitus was associated with body mass index, use of diuretics, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After adjustment for age and body mass index systolic and diastolic blood pressure were still associated with the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men; relative risks 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.54) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.06-1.85) per 10 mmHg respectively. For women, only the relative risk associated with the use of diuretics remained statistically significant (2.26, 95% CI 1.04-4.90). This probably reflects the risk of (treated) hypertension: adjusted for blood pressure, the relative risk lost statistical significance. These findings suggest that elevated blood pressure is a risk for the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This supports the view that NIDDM and hypertension may have a similar origin. |
| High blood pressure and the kidney Goldsmith, D. (2000), Kidney Int 58(3): 1358. |
| High blood pressure and the kidney: the forgotten contribution of William Senhouse Kirkes Cameron, J. S. and J. Hicks (2000), Kidney Int 57(2): 724-34. Abstract: The realization of the key role for raised intra-arterial pressure as a pathogenetic agent in hypertension is usually credited to Ludwig Traube, but Traube in his writings gives credit for the idea to a little-known English doctor, William Senhouse Kirkes (1822-1864). Kirkes' main interest was in cardiology and vascular disease, and he gave the first account of embolism from vegetations in infective endocarditis in 1852. Three years later, he published a study of apoplexy in Bright's disease, in which he pointed clearly to the role of raised intra-arterial tension in the causation of arterial disease, a point that had eluded Bright, Johnson, and other contemporaries. Kirkes died at the age of only 42 while working on a book summarizing his work on cardiology and renal disease, and the neglect of his contribution probably resulted from his early death. We have traced his life history from the few available records; as a boy, Kirkes was apprenticed to become a surgeon and only later trained as a physician. We place his contributions within the setting of the development during the 19th century of understanding of the relationship between the kidney, vascular disease, and high blood pressure. |
| High blood pressure and the salt intake of the Japanese Sasaki, N. (1962), Jpn Heart J 3: 313-24. |
| High blood pressure and thyroid insufficiency--recent developments Menof, P. (1967), S Afr Med J 41(20): 506-8. |
| High blood pressure and ventricular arrhythmias Sideris, D. A. (1993), Eur Heart J 14(11): 1548-53. Abstract: Here we review the blood pressure-ventricular arrhythmia relationship. An increase in blood pressure, by any means, may induce ventricular arrhythmias both experimentally and in patients with a history of ventricular ectopic beats. Conversely, a decrease in blood pressure may eliminate ventricular arrhythmias due to other causes. The increased pressure is sensed in the ventricles. Both systolic and diastolic loading may induce important electrophysiological changes. However, an increase in systolic pressure may induce ventricular ectopy even though the left atrial pressure remains low; on the other hand, raising the atrial pressure does not induce ectopic rhythms unless associated with an increase in arterial pressure. This phenomenon (mechanoelectrical association or contraction-excitation feedback) seems to be a direct one not mediated by either ischaemia or adrenergic stimulation. Both refractoriness and intraventricular conduction are affected by mechanical loading, although the direction of change depends on several factors. The mechanism of pressure-related arrhythmias remains obscure. Triggered activity due to early after-depolarizations is one possibility. Ventricular arrhythmias observed in chronic hypertension might be a clinical manifestation of mechano-electrical association, especially when they occur in conjunction with acute blood pressure elevations. Several antihypertensive agents with different mechanisms of action also have an antiarrhythmic effect. Extensive research to establish the antiarrhythmic effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment in cases with ventricular arrhythmias is still warranted. |
| High blood pressure and visual sensitivity Eisner, A. and J. R. Samples (2003), J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 20(9): 1681-93. Abstract: The study had two main purposes: (1) to determine whether the foveal visual sensitivities of people treated for high blood pressure (vascular hypertension) differ from the sensitivities of people who have not been diagnosed with high blood pressure and (2) to understand how visual adaptation is related to standard measures of systemic cardiovascular function. Two groups of middle-aged subjects--hypertensive and normotensive--were examined with a series of test/background stimulus combinations. All subjects met rigorous inclusion criteria for excellent ocular health. Although the visual sensitivities of the two subject groups overlapped extensively, the age-related rate of sensitivity loss was, for some measures, greater for the hypertensive subjects, possibly because of adaptation differences between the two groups. Overall, the degree of steady-state sensitivity loss resulting from an increase of background illuminance (for 580-nm backgrounds) was slightly less for the hypertensive subjects. Among normotensive subjects, the ability of a bright (3.8-log-td), long-wavelength (640-nm) adapting background to selectively suppress the flicker response of long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cones was related inversely to the ratio of mean arterial blood pressure to heart rate. The degree of selective suppression was also related to heart rate alone, and there was evidence that short-term changes of cardiovascular response were important. The results suggest that (1) vascular hypertension, or possibly its treatment, subtly affects visual function even in the absence of eye disease and (2) changes in blood flow affect retinal light-adaptation processes involved in the selective suppression of the flicker response from LWS cones caused by bright, long-wavelength backgrounds. |
| High blood pressure as a factor in the progression of diabetic nephropathy Mogensen, C. E. (1976), Acta Med Scand Suppl 602: 29-32. |
| High blood pressure as a problem for the army medical examiner. Himmel, A. (1950), Lek Wojsk 26(1): 46-67; contd. |
| High blood pressure as a psychosomatic disorder: a selective review Cochrane, R. (1971), Br J Soc Clin Psychol 10(1): 61-72. |
| High blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and risk factors for hypertension Hagerup, L., M. Schroll, et al. (1976), Acta Med Scand Suppl 602: 25-8. |
| High blood pressure as risk factor and prognostic predictor in acute ischaemic stroke: when and how to treat it? Bath, P. (2004), Cerebrovasc Dis 17 Suppl 1: 51-7. Abstract: High blood pressure is common in the western world and is a major risk factor for the development of stroke. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of first and recurrent stroke. High blood pressure is also common in acute stroke and is independently associated with a poor prognosis, in part due to promoting early recurrence and the development of fatal cerebral oedema in patients with ischaemic stroke and, possibly, re-bleeding in those with haemorrhagic stroke. However, the management of blood pressure remains an enigma--its lowering could improve outcome by reducing recurrence or worsen outcome by reducing regional perfusion in the face of dysfunctional cerebral autoregulation. Conversely, raising blood pressure might improve outcome by raising regional perfusion or worsen it by inducing cerebral oedema and early recurrence. Administration of some vaso-active drugs (beta-receptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers) can worsen outcome and reduce cerebral blood flow. In contrast, other drug classes--angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists and nitrates--appear to lower blood pressure without reducing measures of cerebral perfusion. In the absence of definitive trial data, which is urgently needed, blood pressure should not be routinely lowered unless it is extreme (systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg) or associated with arterial dissection or cardiac ischaemia or failure, in which case cautious lowering (<15%), perhaps with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor antagonist or nitrate, is appropriate. |
| High blood pressure as risk factor in diabetic retinopathy development in NIDDM patients Ishihara, M., Y. Yukimura, et al. (1987), Diabetes Care 10(1): 20-5. Abstract: The correlation between diabetic retinopathy and blood pressure was analyzed in 742 type II diabetic patients. Systolic and pulse blood pressures were significantly higher in the patients with retinopathy than in those without (mean systolic pressure 142 vs. 139 mmHg, P less than.01; mean pulse pressure 60.5 vs. 56.4 mmHg, P less than.001). There was no difference in the diastolic blood pressure between these two groups. The correlation between blood pressure and the components of retinopathy (including microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates) was also analyzed. Even when the patient with microaneurysms or dot hemorrhages, blot hemorrhages, or hard or soft exudates were separately evaluated, systolic and pulse blood pressures were higher in those with one of these diabetic changes than in patients without them. To avoid the influence of nephropathy, the patients were divided into nonproteinuric or proteinuric groups. In the nonproteinuric group, pulse blood pressure was higher in patients with retinopathy than in those without. In the proteinuric group, systolic blood pressure was also higher in patients with retinopathy than in those without. However, these observed differences in blood pressure were slight after the division of the patients. With respect to the components of retinopathy, systolic and pulse blood pressures were significantly higher in the patient with blot hemorrhages than in those without in both nonproteinuric and proteinuric groups (nonproteinuric: systolic pressure 142 vs. 137 mmHg, P less than.005, and pulse pressure 60.4 vs. 55.5 mmHg, P less than.001; proteinuric: systolic pressure 155 vs. 146 mmHg, P less than 0.01, and pulse pressure 69.0 vs. 63.5 mmHg, P less than.05). |
| High blood pressure associated with changes in the peripheral circulation and heart Nieminen, M. S. (1989), Duodecim 105(16): 1373-9. |
| High blood pressure attack mounted in Pennsylvania Spring, W. C., Jr. and R. A. Ranberg (1978), Pa Med 81(4): 24-5. |
| High blood pressure challenges health care workers and nurses Takala, A. (1977), Sairaanhoitaja 53(15): 20-2. |
| High blood pressure control Silberman, S. L. (1976), Miss Dent Assoc J 32(3): 24-5. |
| High blood pressure control is working: tell the community about your contribution Frommer, P. L. (1982), J Am Optom Assoc 53(5): 363-4. |
| High blood pressure control program--educational sessions: Part I Marnalse, R., B. Bohanek, et al. (1984), Occup Health Nurs 32(11): 592-9. |
| High blood pressure control program--educational sessions: part II Marnalse, R., B. Bohanek, et al. (1984), Occup Health Nurs 32(12): 636-42. |
| High blood pressure control.the Maine thing Record, N. B., Jr. (1979), J Maine Med Assoc 70(4): 141-4. |
| High blood pressure control: put the champagne away Lenfant, C. (2002), J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 4(6): 391-2. |
| High blood pressure control: share the success Bradley, C. W. (1984), J Am Podiatry Assoc 74(4): 204-5. |
| High blood pressure control: what are the next steps? Remington, R. D. (1980), Public Health Rep 95(5): 456-61. |
| High blood pressure data from rural communities Southard, J. W. (1980), J S C Med Assoc 76(9 Suppl): 102-3. |
| High blood pressure detection by dentists Berman, C. L., M. A. Guarino, et al. (1973), J Am Dent Assoc 87(2): 359-63. |
| High blood pressure detection: a new public health measure for the dental profession Berman, C. L., A. Van Stewart, et al. (1976), J Am Dent Assoc 92(1): 116-9. Abstract: Detection of high blood pressure can be a major public health service contribution by the dental profession. The pioneer program at Fairleigh Dickinson University, in conjunction with the Bergen County Health Department and the Bergen County Dental Society, is encouraging dentists to participate in the National High Blood Pressure Program. Participants are urged to measure the blood pressures of all their adolescent and adult patients and to refer those with sustained elevated readings to their physicians, preferably by the arrangements of appointments. |
| High blood pressure detection: you are making a difference! Bucar, A. A. (1981), J Am Optom Assoc 52(5): 387-9. |
| High blood pressure diagnosis and treatment: consensus recommendations vs actual practice Thomson, G. E., M. H. Alderman, et al. (1981), Am J Public Health 71(4): 413-6. Abstract: Diagnostic and treatment practices of institutional facilities treating high blood pressure in New York City were surveyed by mail in 1978. Respondents were adhering to the treatment recommendations of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Ninety-two per cent of respondents reported 90-104 mm Hg as the diastolic blood pressure level at which drug therapy was initiated, indicating a more aggressive approach than was warranted by the information available at the time of the survey. |
| High blood pressure discovered by a causal measurement. Problems concerning diagnosis of hypertension and selection of antihypertensive treatment Hansen, O. P., M. Hansen, et al. (1978), Ugeskr Laeger 140(47): 2923-6. |
| High blood pressure due to alcohol. A rapidly reversible effect Maheswaran, R., J. S. Gill, et al. (1991), Hypertension 17(6 Pt 1): 787-92. Abstract: The hypothesis that the action of alcohol on blood pressure is rapidly reversible and that its effect is therefore mainly due to very recent alcohol consumption was examined in this study. Five hundred and seventy-seven subjects were screened in an occupational survey. Alcohol consumption, documented with a 1-week retrospective diary was divided into two categories: "recent" and "previous" intake. Recent intake was defined as the amount consumed on days 1, 2, and 3 immediately preceding blood pressure measurement. Previous intake was defined as the amount consumed on days 4, 5, and 6 preceding blood pressure measurement. High recent alcohol intake significantly raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both men and women. Previous alcohol intake, however, did not appear to influence blood pressure. We conclude that the effect of alcohol on blood pressure appears to be predominantly due to alcohol consumed in the few days immediately preceding blood pressure measurement, with alcohol consumption before those few days exerting little effect on blood pressure. |
| High blood pressure during pregnancy and working conditions among hospital personnel Saurel-Cubizolles, M. J., M. Kaminski, et al. (1991), Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 40(1): 29-34. Abstract: The relationship between working conditions and high blood pressure during pregnancy was analysed in a sample of 621 women hospital employees in the Paris region over the period 1979-1981. Data were collected by interviews during the routine medical visit at the end of postnatal leave. Women who had to work standing up for extended periods of time, who had to carry heavy loads or who had to perform heavy cleaning tasks had high blood pressure during their pregnancy more often than women not exposed to these working conditions. The accumulation of two out of the three or these three working conditions by the same woman was strongly related to high blood pressure. This relation remained significant when other risk factors of hypertension, such as age, parity, corpulence and tobacco use, were taken into account in a multiple logistic regression. |
| High blood pressure education in schools Birge, J. E. (1976), J Med Assoc Ga 65(8): 330-2. |
| High blood pressure from the psychological viewpoint Egger, J. (1982), Osterr Krankenpflegez 35(5): 143-6. |
| High blood pressure hypertension and the school-age child Weidman, W. H. (1979), J Sch Health 49(4): 213-4. |
| High blood pressure in acute stroke and subsequent outcome: a systematic review Willmot, M., J. Leonardi-Bee, et al. (2004), Hypertension 43(1): 18-24. Abstract: High blood pressure (BP) is common in acute stroke and might be associated with a poor outcome, although observational studies have given varying results. In a systematic review, articles were sought that reported both admission BP and outcome (death, death or dependency, death or deterioration, stroke recurrence, and hematoma expansion) in acute stroke. Data were analyzed by the Cochrane Review Manager software and are given as odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Altogether, 32 studies were identified involving 10 892 patients. When all data were included, death was significantly associated with an elevated mean arterial BP (MABP OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.31) and a high diastolic BP (DBP OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.48). Combined death or dependency was associated with high systolic BP (SBP OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.40) and DBP (OR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.87 to 11.70) in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). Similarly, high SBP (+11.73 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.30 to 22.16), MABP (+9.00 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.92 to 17.08), and DBP (+6.00 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.19 to 11.81) were associated with death or dependency in ischemic stroke. Combined death or deterioration was associated with a high SBP (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.42 to 21.86) in patients with PICH. In summary, high BP in acute ischemic stroke or PICH is associated with subsequent death, death or dependency, and death or deterioration. Moderate lowering of BP might improve outcome. Acute BP lowering needs to be tested in 1 or more large, randomized trials. |
| High blood pressure in acute stroke--is it white coat hypertension? Carlberg, B., K. Asplund, et al. (1990), J Intern Med 228(3): 291-2. |
| High blood pressure in African Americans Materson, B. J. (2003), Arch Intern Med 163(5): 521-2. |