| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| New oral salt in treatment of high blood pressure Karppanen, H. (1989), Magnesium 8(5-6): 274-87. Abstract: The roles of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the etiology of high blood pressure are reviewed. Mechanisms of action for these cations in alterations of systemic blood pressure are discussed. A rationale for the introduction of a new Na-K-Mg salt for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in human subjects is presented. Preliminary results with this new Na-K-Mg salt are promising. |
| New possibilities for optimum treatment of high blood pressure Gerstner, K. (1966), Wien Med Wochenschr 116(42): 879-87. |
| New predictive test for high blood pressure Habeck, M. (2000), Mol Med Today 6(3): 94. |
| New recommendations for high blood pressure control: guidelines for all NPs Hill, M. N. and S. G. Cunningham (1985), Nurse Pract 10(7): 35. |
| New Results In The Field Of Epidemiology Of High Blood Pressure. A Symposium In Chicago, February 1964. Pflanz, M. (1965), Munch Med Wochenschr 107: 99-102. |
| New rules for high blood pressure SoRelle, R. (1998), Circulation 97(4): 307-8. |
| New staging system of the fifth Joint National Committee report on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-V) alters assessment of the severity and treatment of hypertension Pogue, V. A., C. Ellis, et al. (1996), Hypertension 28(5): 713-8. Abstract: The fifth Joint National Committee report on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-V) introduced a new system of blood pressure classification that incorporated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and established new diastolic blood pressure (DBP) cut points. With the previous JNC classification, subjects were classified according to DBP alone. In this study, our purpose was to assess the effect of the new staging system on the assessment of hypertension severity and to determine whether' the new JNC-V staging system better identifies individuals at risk for hypertensive target-organ damage. We compared the assessment of hypertension severity using JNC-IV with that using JNC-V in 1158 subjects enrolled in the Harlem Hospital Hypertension Clinic database from 1975 to 1992. We used pretreatment DBP to classify subjects according to JNC-IV criteria. These subjects were reclassified into one of the four stages of JNC-V. The assessment of hypertension severity and prevalence of organ damage in subjects who remained in the same category of severity in both systems was compared with damage in subjects who were upstaged. With the JNC-V classification, 321 subjects remained in the same category, and 837 were upstaged. Six hundred and four subjects moved up because of the new cut points of DBP, and 275 were upstaged because of higher SBP. Upstaged subjects had more manifestations of hypertensive target-organ damage. With the new JNC-V classification system, hypertension is assessed as severe or very severe in more individuals than with JNC-IV. Subjects who are upstaged in JNC-V are more likely to have evidence of renal disease and other target-organ damage. |
| NHBPEP report on high blood pressure in pregnancy: a summary for family physicians Zamorski, M. A. and L. A. Green (2001), Am Fam Physician 64(2): 263-70, 216. Abstract: The National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy recently issued a report implicating hypertension as a complication in 6 to 8 percent of pregnancies. Hypertension in pregnancy is related to one of four conditions: (1) chronic hypertension that predates pregnancy; (2) preeclampsia-eclampsia, a serious, systemic syndrome of elevated blood pressure, proteinuria and other findings; (3) chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia; and (4) gestational hypertension, or nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy. Edema is no longer a criterion for preeclampsia, and the definition of blood pressure elevation is 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Patients with gestational hypertension have previously unrecognized chronic hypertension, emerging preeclampsia or transient hypertension of pregnancy, an obstetrically benign condition. Because distinguishing among these conditions can be done only in retrospect, clinical management of gestational hypertension consists of repeated evaluations to look for signs of emerging preeclampsia. Women with chronic hypertension should be followed for evidence of fetal growth restriction or superimposed preeclampsia. Management options for chronic hypertension in most women include discontinuing antihypertensive medications during pregnancy, switching to methyldopa or continuing previous antihypertensive therapy. |
| NHBPEP: working to reduce death and disability from high blood pressure. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Cziraky, M. J. (2002), J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 42(6): 886-8. |
| NHLBI releases new high blood pressure guidelines Ressel, G. W. (2003), Am Fam Physician 68(2): 376, 379. |
| Nifedipine effectively lowers salt-induced high blood pressure in diabetic rats Orie, N. N. and N. O. Anyaegbu (1999), Gen Pharmacol 32(4): 471-4. Abstract: This study examined the antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) in salt-loaded alloxan-diabetic rats. Significant increases in basal mean arterial blood pressures were observed after six weeks of high salt (8% NaCl) feeding in both diabetic (p < 0.05) and nondiabetic (p < 0.05) rats. The values were 129.95+/-3.14 mmHg for control (C); 149.22+/-8.83 mmHg for nondiabetic salt-fed (N-SF) and 150.60+/-8.01 mmHg for diabetic salt-fed (D-SF) groups. The non-salt-fed diabetic group (D) had a pressure of 136.75+/-6.66 mmHg. The maximum mean arterial blood pressures in response to noradrenaline (10(-9)-10(-5) M) infusion were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the N-SF and D-SF groups than in the control. Nifedipine (100 microg/Kg) reduced significantly the pressures (both before and following noradrenaline infusion) in the salt-fed groups (p < 0.001). The inhibitory effect of nifedipine was more marked (p < 0.01) in the diabetic salt-fed than in the nondiabetic salt-fed. It is therefore suggested that nifedipine is effective in lowering salt-induced high blood pressure in diabetic rats. |
| NIH priorities in high blood pressure control Ware, D. R. (1977), Urban Health 6(4): 18, 56. |
| Nitric oxide production and intensity of free radical processes in young men with high normal and hypertensive blood pressure Lyamina, N. P., P. V. Dolotovskaya, et al. (2003), Med Sci Monit 9(7): CR304-10. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Young individuals with high normal blood pressure (HNBP) are at risk for hypertension. The aim of our study was to compare NO production and the intensity of free radical processes in young males with different BP levels. MATERIAL/METHODS: Male subjects aged 18-45 years with normal BP, HNBP, and hypertension underwent physical and cardiological examination. NO production was evaluated by measuring plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) and 24-hour urinary excretion of NOx. Lipid peroxidation (LP) intensity and serum antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured using the biochemiluminescence method. RESULTS: HNBP was associated with increased 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), SBP and DBP variability, plasma and 24-hour urinary NOx and LP intensity, and decreased total AOA as compared to normotensive controls. We observed a direct nonlinear correlation between plasma NOx and SBP and between 24-hour urinary NOx and DBP, and a close inverse correlation between LP intensity and AOA in patients with HNBP. In the presence of two cardiovascular risk factors (smoking and obesity), patients with HNBP displayed higher LP intensity and lower levels of NOx than in both nonsmokers with normal body weight and control subjects. In hypertensive patients, SBP, DBP and LP intensity inversely correlated with plasma and urinary NOx. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of LP processes and depression of AOA proceed in parallel with declining NO production and severity of hypertension. Early correction of the revealed disorders before the appearance of clinical symptoms may be promising in terms of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. |
| No correlation between insulin levels and high blood pressure in obese subjects Grugni, G., A. Ardizzi, et al. (1990), Horm Metab Res 22(2): 124-5. |
| No evidence for HPA reset in adult sheep with high blood pressure due to short prenatal exposure to dexamethasone Dodic, M., A. Peers, et al. (2002), Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282(2): R343-50. Abstract: Exposure of pregnant ewes to dexamethasone, for only 2 days (term approximately 150 days) at 27 days of gestation (group D), results in adult offspring with high blood pressure. In this study, hemorrhage stress has been used to see whether in these animals the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered. In addition, we studied mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor gene expression in the hippocampus and GR gene expression in the hypothalamus using real-time PCR. Calculated areas under the adrenocorticotropin, arginine vasopressin, and cortisol plasma concentration curves in response to hemorrhage were similar between the control and group D. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of MR and GR in the hippocampus or GR in the hypothalamus between the control and group D. Taken together, it is unlikely that reset in the HPA axis plays a major role in this particular model of "programmed" hypertension. |
| Nobel laureates honored by the council for high blood pressure research Frohlich, E. D., L. G. Navar, et al. (1999), Hypertension 34(5): 1025. |
| Noise exposure and prevalence of high blood pressure among weavers in Iran Parvizpoor, D. (1976), J Occup Med 18(11): 730-1. Abstract: 821 weavers working in three textile mills were examined in this survey. It was found that 8.5% of the workers were hypertensive and 12.4% borderline. All these rates are significantly different from those of the control groups. Also there is a clear increase in the prevalence of hypertensive and borderline cases in the weavers in relation to the length of employment. These findings emphasize the need for, at least annually, periodic examination of the entire work population in order to detect early such adverse health effects and to consider suitable medical care. |
| Noise-induced hearing loss and high blood pressure among city bus drivers Correa Filho, H. R., L. S. Costa, et al. (2002), Rev Saude Publica 36(6): 693-701. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and arterial hypertension among city bus drivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a probability random sample of 108 city bus drivers taken out of a total of 1,529 estimated professionals in the city of Campinas, Brazil, in 1991. Drivers were interviewed using questionnaires on job history, shift work and vacation schedules and underwent clinical and laboratory examinations including measures of blood pressure, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and anthropometric data analysis after an informed consent was obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss was 32.7%. According to Merluzzi's classification, 91.2% (31 cases) were classified as first and second-degree losses and the most affected frequencies were 6 kHz in 61.3%, and 4 kHz in 38.7%. There were no differences in the laterality of the first affected ear. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 13.2% (PAD > or =90 mmHg; PAS > or =140 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of noise-induced hearing loss was greater for drivers in job for more than 6 years, after controlling for age-related hearing loss. An odds ratio of 19.25 was found for those aged 45 or more (1.59 |
| Noise-induced hearing loss: a possible marker for high blood pressure in older noise-exposed populations Talbott, E. O., R. C. Findlay, et al. (1990), J Occup Med 32(8): 690-7. Abstract: The present study assessed the relationships among occupational noise exposure, noise-induced hearing loss, and high blood pressure. The study population consisted of 245 retired metal assembly workers from Pittsburgh aged 56 to 68 with chronic noise exposure of 30 or more years at greater than or equal to 89 dBA. Results of the audiometric testing indicated 52% of the younger workers (ages 56 to 63) have severe noise-induced hearing loss (greater than or equal to 65 dBA loss at 3, 4, or 6 kHz) and 67% of older workers (ages 64 to 68). Body mass index and alcohol intake were significantly related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Among older men, there was a marginally significant increased prevalence of high blood pressure (greater than or equal to 90 mm diastolic or taking blood pressure medicine) among those with severe noise-induced hearing loss (P =.05). Moreover, another measure of hearing loss at high frequencies, speech discrimination score in noise (measured in the better ear), referred to as the W-22 MAX score, was also found to be related to the prevalence of high blood pressure in the older (64 to 68) age group (P less than.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed W-22 MAX and severe noise-induced hearing loss were independent predictors of hypertension in the older, but not in the younger group of retired workers. |
| Nomenclature for angiotensin receptors. A report of the Nomenclature Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research Bumpus, F. M., K. J. Catt, et al. (1991), Hypertension 17(5): 720-1. |
| Nomenclature for experimental renovascular hypertension. Report of the Nomenclature Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research of the American Heart Association Page, I. H., S. Oparil, et al. (1979), Hypertension 1(1): 61. |
| Non-drug modification of high blood pressure Richter-Heinrich, E. and U. Priebe (1980), Z Gesamte Inn Med 35(20): suppl 116-9. Abstract: Arterial essential patients with hypertension of the clinical degrees of severity I and II are treated either with physical training or with a psychophysiologically orientated therapy, in the centre of which stands the application of a breath-induced relaxation training. After a 4-week daily application the physical training led in 42% of the cases to a significant reduction of the blood pressure. These concerning the blood pressure trainable patients differed from the non-trainable patients among others by the following signs: higher systolic stress and recreation values before the beginning of the training, lower diastolic values, smaller familiar load by hypertension and more frequent disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. After a 3-month psychophysiologic therapy 80% of the patients exhibited normotonic or borderline values in self-measurements of the blood pressure and at first a medicamentous treatment could not be continued. Follow-up examinations for testing the long-term effect of the two methods are necessary. |
| Non-invasive 24-hr monitoring of high blood pressure in climacteric outpatients Villecco, A. S., D. de Aloysio, et al. (1987), Maturitas 9(3): 267-74. Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) monitoring was carried out over a period of 24 hr in 28 hypertensive women selected among the outpatients attending the Menopause Clinic at Bologna University. Seven (7) of the women (mean age 50 +/- 1 yr) were in the pre-menopause, 7 had undergone a natural menopause at 6 to 36 mth previously (mean age 52 +/- 4 yr) and a further 7 had had a natural menopause 37-120 months previously (mean age 56 +/- 5 yr). The control group was made up of 7 women in late fertile age (mean age 47 +/- 1 yr). It was found that: high blood pressure was not confirmed in all patients; there was a significant increase in systolic and diastolic BP values in natural post-menopause subjects (P less than 0.01) temporarily related to ovarian failure, but BP reached a steady state in elderly women when a new hormonal balance is established; 24-hr monitoring made it possible to identify a group of climacteric outpatients at higher cardiovascular risk whose suitability for antihypertensive treatment could thus be assessed. |
| Noninvasive ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure in patients with high normal blood pressure and exaggerated systolic pressure response to exercise Lima, E. G., N. Spritzer, et al. (1995), Hypertension 26(6 Pt 2): 1121-4. Abstract: Few studies have investigated the significance of abnormal increases in systolic pressure during exercise in patients with high normal blood pressure and its correlation with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and left ventricular structure. This study was performed in 30 sedentary subjects (42 +/- 4 years old) with high normal blood pressure. Fifteen subjects presenting < 220 mm Hg systolic pressure during ergometric exercise were compared with 15 others with systolic pressure > or = 220 mm Hg. Average 24-hour (systolic, 127 +/- 5 versus 142 +/- 4 mm Hg, P <.01; diastolic, 82 +/- 4 versus 92 +/- 3 mm Hg, P <.01), daytime (systolic, 130 +/- 6 versus 144 +/- 4 mm Hg, P <.01; diastolic, 84 +/- 4 versus 92 +/- 4 mm Hg, P <.01), and nighttime (systolic, 116 +/- 7 versus 132 +/- 6 mm Hg, P <.01; diastolic, 72 +/- 6 versus 85 +/- 6 mm Hg, P <.01) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values were significantly higher in subjects with an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise. No significant differences were observed in left ventricular morphology. These findings indicate that subjects presenting high normal blood pressure and exaggerated systolic pressure during exercise show significantly high ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values that are not associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. |
| Nonpharmacologic management of high blood pressure Cunningham, S. G. (1987), Cardiovasc Nurs 23(4): 18-22. |
| Non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of high blood pressure Haines, A. P. (1980), J R Coll Gen Pract Occas Pap(12): 32-5. |
| Nonpharmacological control of high blood pressure Kaplan, N. M. (1989), Am J Hypertens 2(2 Pt 2): 55S-59S. Abstract: Nonpharmacological therapies are available to help manage hypertension. This paper reviews current evidence for the use of the following modalities: weight reduction; sodium restriction; supplements of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; reduction of saturated fat; limitation of alcohol; regular isotonic exercise, and relaxation. |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and high blood pressure Radack, K. (1995), Ann Intern Med 122(5): 397. |
| Normal and high blood pressure in childhood: blood pressure standards Kornyei, V., G. Gyodi, et al. (1980), Orv Hetil 121(13): 755-61. |
| Normal blood pressure and incidence of high blood pressure in the Thai population Jaroonvesama, N., K. Charoenlarp, et al. (1980), J Med Assoc Thai 63(7): 391-400. |
| Normal pulmonary capillary blood volume in patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease and high pulmonary artery pressure Bonay, M., C. Bancal, et al. (2004), Chest 126(5): 1460-6. Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc), a component of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), is increased in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension due to valve disease, but is decreased in primitive and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. This study was performed to evaluate which way pulmonary Qc is affected in patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease according to the value of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients who were nonsmokers and had chronic infiltrative lung disease secondary to connective tissue disease (12 patients), asbestosis (1 patient), sarcoidosis (5 patients), or of unknown origin (6 patients), and 8 control subjects underwent pulmonary function tests and Doppler echocardiography. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Total lung capacity, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference, Dlco, and conductance of the alveolar-capillary membrane (Dm) did not differ between patients with low SPAP (LPAP) ie, < 30 mm Hg or high SPAP (HPAP). Patients with LPAP, but not HPAP, experienced significant decreases in pulmonary Qc, whatever the cause of the disease. There was a strong positive correlation between SPAP and Qc scaled by Dm to account for infiltrative disease severity (r = 0.68; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We thus conclude that pulmonary Qc is not decreased as expected in patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease and high pulmonary artery pressure. A high Qc/Dm ratio should encourage the physician to look for HPAP compatible with pulmonary hypertension, whatever the etiology of lung infiltrative disease. |
| Nose-bleeding and high blood pressure Mitchell, J. R. (1959), Br Med J 30(5113): 25-7. |
| Now well established! The importance of ACE inhibitors in high blood pressure therapy Dominiak, P. (2003), Pharm Unserer Zeit 32(1): 24-9. |
| Nucleotide metabolism in the whole blood of various vertebrates: enzyme levels and the use of high pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of nucleotide patterns Brown, P. R., R. P. Agarwal, et al. (1972), Comp Biochem Physiol B 43(4): 891-904. |
| Nucleotide profiles of the formed elements of human blood determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography Scholar, E. M., P. R. Brown, et al. (1973), Blood 41(6): 927-36. |
| Nurses' role in managing high blood pressure Annand, J., C. Addison, et al. (1996), Community Nurse 2(9): 22-3. |
| Nursing assessment of the patient with high blood pressure Grim, C. M. (1981), Nurs Clin North Am 16(2): 349-64. Abstract: Whether or not the nurse is responsible for the complete assessment of a patient with high blood pressure, he or she should be capable of completing the subjective data base according to the guidelines provided. The extent to which nurses participate in the collection of objective data will depend upon their level of comfort with the process, their prior training, and the setting. A knowledge base should be developed that is sufficient to collaborate with the health team (which includes the patient) in order to identify problems, formulate interventions, and evaluate outcomes. The problem-oriented approach is presented as a rational approach to the assessment process. The problem-oriented health record provides documentation of care and account-ability, both of which are important to nursing as a profession. The results of the total assessment provide the information necessary to begin the extended process of patient education and contracting that is necessary in the treatment of high blood pressure. Armed with knowledge, concern, enthusiasm, an inquiring mind, and a rational approach, the nurse can have a significant impact on the quality of care available to those at risk from hypertension. |
| Nursing care and analysis of the causes of postoperative high blood pressure in the aged Liu, H. W. (1993), Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 28(2): 84-6. |
| Nursing care of the patient with dissecting aneurysm (type I); with special remarks on blood pressure fluctuation factors in the high-risk stage Fujiwara, J., Y. Katayama, et al. (1983), Kango Gijutsu 29(15): 2019-24. |
| Nursing role in the detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure Grancio, S. D., M. J. Kornacki, et al. (1979), Mass Nurse 48(6): 8-12. |