| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients. Its role in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure Littler, W. A., A. J. Honour, et al. (1975), Circulation 51(6): 1101-6. Abstract: We have compared casual indirect measurements of arterial pressure obtained 1) by the general practitioner (GP) and 2) in the outpatient clinic (OPC) with 24 hour continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in two selected group of unrestricted patients. 1) Eight asymptomatic, untreated patients with suspected hypertension. 2) Eight asymptomatic, treated patients whose indirect pressure readings seemed inappropriately high when considered against a general absence of target organ damage. Both groups showed that usually there was good agreement between arterial pressure recorded indirectly by GP and OPC while continuous recording showed wide variability of systolic and diastolic pressures over 24 hours and a significant fall during sleep. The first groups with suspected hypertension showed that the indirect measurements were not significantly different from the 24 hour direct recording. The second group of patients on treatment for hypertension showed a discrepancy, the direct readings being significantly lower than the indirect. This difference (approixmately 30 mm Hg mean arterial pressure) would explain the lack of target organ damage and may have been due to the effect of exercise augmenting the hypotensive action of drugs or due to a well developed defense reflex which biased the indirect readings. |
| Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients-its role in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure Littler, W. A., A. J. Honour, et al. (1975), Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl 2: 159-62. |
| Continuous treatment of high blood pressure with asgoviscum forte. Mauch, G. (1955), Medizinische 27-8: 999-1000. |
| Contribution of parental blood pressures to association between low birth weight and adult high blood pressure: cross sectional study Walker, B. R., A. McConnachie, et al. (1998), Bmj 316(7134): 834-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the possibility that low birth weight is a feature of the inherited predisposition to high blood pressure. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Primary care medical centre in Edinburgh. SUBJECTS: One offspring of 452 families (231 men and 221 women aged 16-26 years) in whom blood pressure, weight, and height were measured in 1986 and whose parents had blood pressure measured in 1979. Birth weights were obtained from case records (270 offspring) or by questionnaires sent to the mothers (182 offspring). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth weight and adult systolic blood pressure in offspring in relation to parental blood pressure. RESULTS: If parental blood pressures were not considered, a 1 kg decrease in birth weight was associated with a 2.24 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure of offspring (P = 0.06) after correction for current weight and sex. However, parental blood pressures correlated positively with blood pressure of offspring, and higher maternal blood pressure was associated with lower birth weight (-3.03 g/mm Hg, P < 0.01). After correction for parental blood pressures, a 1 kg decrease in birth weight was associated with only a 1.71 mm Hg increase in the systolic blood pressure of the offspring (P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight is a feature of the inherited predisposition to hypertension, perhaps because it is associated with higher maternal blood pressure during pregnancy. Parental blood pressure may be an important confounding factor in the relation between low birth weight and subsequent hypertension. |
| Control of blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit during high-dose intravenous paraoxon exposure in mini pigs Petroianu, G., L. M. Toomes, et al. (1998), J Appl Toxicol 18(4): 293-8. Abstract: A therapeutic regimen was established to keep blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit within the normal range during high-dose paraoxon (PX) exposure (ca. 150 x LD50) in mini pigs in order to achieve survival. Previous experiments showed that mini pigs exposed to high-dose PX died shortly after PX infusion due to hypertension, tachycardia and increased haematocrit if no antihypertensive and fluid therapy was initiated. Therefore, antihypertensive and fluid therapy with magnesium (MgSO4) and Ringer's solution was established to keep the blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit within a pre-established normal range. Anaesthesized mini pigs received intravenously PX (54 mg kg(-1) body wt.) dissolved in alcohol. The control group received alcohol in corresponding amounts. When the blood pressure and heart rate increased, MgSO4 was given intravenously until measured values reached the normal range. When the haematocrit increased, fluids were given intravenously until the haematocrit reached the normal range. The measured values in the PX group were compared with the measured values of the control group using the 'rank order test'. As intended, no statistically significant differences between blood pressure, heart rate or haematocrit were found after therapy, but the PX group required statistically significantly more MgSO4 and fluids than the control group to keep the blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit within the normal range. We assume that the increased need of antihypertensive therapy is due to a phaeochromocytoma-like pattern caused by an excessive release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, which is under sympathotonic control and activated by acetylcholine. Paraoxon is known to cause endogenous acetylcholine poisoning. The high fluid requirements in the PX group are most probably caused by extravasation of fluids due to the damage inflicted on biological membranes by organophosphorus compounds. An activation of secretory glands probably also contributes to the increase in haematocrit through consumption of fluids. In conclusion, the survival of mini pigs exposed to high-dose PX can be achieved by tight control of blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit using MgSO4 and fluids. |
| Control of high and low blood pressure in the dog by aortic and sinus nerves Clement, D. L., L. C. Pelletier, et al. (1975), Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 2: 257s-258s. Abstract: 1. Changes in afferent activity in the aortic and sinus nerves with alterations of blood pressure were studied in anesthetized dogs. Mean aortic blood pressure was changed from 220 to 50 mmHg by using a pressurized reservoir connected to the abdominal aorta. 2. The stimulus--response curve (defined by measuring the mean impulse frequency at various pressures) from both nerves was S-shaped; the curve for the aortic nerve was shifted to the right of the sinus nerve curve. 3. In the dog, the aortic arch baroreceptors act predominantly as an anti-hypertensive mechanism; at lower pressures, the major control occurs through the sinus baroreflex. |
| Controlled comparison of effects of exercise and alcohol on blood pressure and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in sedentary males Cox, K. L., I. B. Puddey, et al. (1990), Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 17(4): 251-5. Abstract: 1. Seventy-two sedentary male drinkers, aged 20-45 years, and with mean blood pressure (BP) at entry of 132 +/- 1.2/73 +/- 0.9 mmHg, completed a 4 week study during which they were assigned randomly to either drink a low alcohol beer (effectively reducing their weekly alcohol intake from 481 +/- 47 mL to 52 +/- 5 mL) or to continue their normal drinking habits. 2. Within these two groups subjects were further assigned to either a moderate exercise programme of three 30 min sessions per week of stationary cycling at 60-70% maximum workload or to a control light exercise programme where they pedalled against zero or minimal resistance. 3. Both alcohol restriction and moderate exercise were associated with mean falls in bodyweight of 0.5 kg. After adjustment for bodyweight a significant main effect of alcohol restriction on systolic BP (-4.1 +/- 1.7 mmHg, P less than 0.05) and diastolic BP (-1.6 +/- 0.8 mmHg, P = 0.05) was demonstrated. There was no significant main effect of moderate exercise on systolic or diastolic blood pressure despite a significant improvement in physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake increasing from 33.2 +/- 0.8 mL/kg per min to 35.5 +/- 0.1 mL/kg per min). 4. Significant falls in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride levels seen with alcohol restriction were unaffected by the increase in fitness, the magnitude of the fall being similar in both the moderate and light exercise groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Controlled study of high blood pressure treatment using betablocker Visken (author's transl) Ripka, O., J. Linhartova, et al. (1975), Sb Lek 77(10): 294-7. |
| Controlling high blood pressure Giblin, E. (1978), Am J Nurs 78(5): 824. |
| Controlling high blood pressure Zellmer, W. A. (1977), Am J Hosp Pharm 34(5): 461. |
| Controlling high blood pressure: a simple and effective approach Freis, E. D. (2001), Compr Ther 27(3): 209-12. Abstract: Fixed-dose combination tablets, such as diuretic plus beta-adrenergic blocking drug or ACE inhibitor are more effective than is any monotherapy. Other advantages include simple titration, low toxicity and reduced expense which encourage better compliance required for optimal blood pressure control. |
| Controversies regarding the recommendations of the Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Elliott, W. J. (1994), Compr Ther 20(3): 181-5. |
| Corin gene minor allele defined by 2 missense mutations is common in blacks and associated with high blood pressure and hypertension Dries, D. L., R. G. Victor, et al. (2005), Circulation 112(16): 2403-10. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The natriuretic peptide system contributes to blood pressure regulation. Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides are cleaved into smaller biologically active molecules by corin, a transmembrane serine protease expressed in cardiomyocytes. METHOD AND RESULTS: This genotype-phenotype genetic association study included replication samples and genomic control to correct for population stratification. Sequencing of the human corin gene identified 2 nonsynonymous, nonconservative single nucleotide polymorphisms (Q568P and T555I) in near-complete linkage disequilibrium, thus describing a single minor I555 (P568) corin gene allele. This allele was present in the heterozygote state in &12% of blacks but was extremely rare in whites (<0.5% were homozygous for the minor allele). In our primary population sample, the Dallas Heart Study, after adjustment for potential confounders, including population stratification, the corin I555 (P568) allele remained independently associated with increased risk for prevalent hypertension (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.38; P=0.013). The corin I555 (P568) allele also was associated with higher systolic blood pressure in subjects not using antihypertensive medication in unadjusted (133.7+/-20.7 versus 129.4+/-17.4 mm Hg; P=0.029) and adjusted (132.5+/-1.6 versus 128.9+/-0.6 mm Hg; P=0.029) analyses. The independent association of the minor corin allele with increased risk for prevalent hypertension was confirmed in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.06; P=0.014). In addition, the association of the minor corin I555 (P568) allele with higher systolic blood pressure was confirmed in adjusted analysis in the Chicago Genetics of Hypertension Study (125.8+/-1.9 versus 121.4+/-0.7 mm Hg; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The corin I555 (P568) allele is common in blacks and is associated with higher blood pressure and an increased risk for prevalent hypertension. |
| Correct diagnosis. Obstinate high blood pressure unmasked Stiefelhagen, P. (2003), MMW Fortschr Med 145(21): 14. |
| Correlates of blood pressure differ in high and in low plasma renin groups Pan, W. H., J. Chou, et al. (1992), J Hum Hypertens 6(3): 199-204. Abstract: It has been proposed that the aetiology, pathophysiological status, and effective treatment of hypertensives depends on concomitant plasma renin levels. Epidemiological data are scarce on the interrelations of plasma renin activity (PRA), BP and correlates of BP in the general population. Therefore, profiles of BP correlates were compared between low PRA groups and high PRA groups in a relatively healthy population of 321 Chinese government employees working in the Taipei area, in the summer of 1987. The characteristics of the two PRA groups were similar in body mass index, urinary sodium, chloride, calcium excretion and fasting parathyroid hormone. However, the high PRA group was younger, smoked more, and had a higher mean urinary potassium excretion. Fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, and creatinine levels were lower in the low PRA group. Positive relationships between BP and urinary sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, independent of age and body mass index, were demonstrated in the low PRA group, where a volume expansion state may exist. However, in the high PRA state, uric acid, haemoglobin concentration, insulin and parathyroid hormone level were correlated more closely with BP than in the low PRA state. Further studies are needed to examine whether the differing associations between BP and risk factors in the high and low PRA groups reflect different compensatory mechanisms or aetiological factors. |
| Correlation of periprocedural systolic blood pressure changes with neurological events in high-risk carotid stent patients Howell, M., Z. Krajcer, et al. (2002), J Endovasc Ther 9(6): 810-6. Abstract: PURPOSE: To examine retrospectively the magnitude of change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during carotid artery stenting and its relationship to neurological events. METHODS: In a 5-year period ending October 2000, 60 patients (36 men; mean age 67 +/- 9 years) were enrolled in a study to evaluate stenting in symptomatic or asymptomatic high-risk patients with > or =70% carotid artery stenosis. The majority (48, 80%) of the patients were symptomatic. Five patients with bilateral lesions were treated in staged procedures. Sixteen (25%) of the 65 lesions were postsurgical stenoses and 12 (18%) were secondary to neck radiation therapy. RESULTS: There were 2 (3%) minor and 2 (3%) major strokes (94% procedural success), of which 1 was fatal. Six (9%) transient neurological events were recorded during balloon inflation. The mean SBP change during or after stenting in 55 cases without neurological events was 34 +/- 14 mmHg, while the patients with transient or permanent neurological events had significantly greater changes in SBP (107 +/- 31 mmHg p<0.003 and 134 +/- 14 mmHg p<0.001, respectively). Patients exhibiting neurological sequelae had significantly higher SBP before the procedure than those without complications (203 +/- 30 versus 165 +/- 23 mmHg, p<0.001). There were no neurological events in patients with a <50-mmHg change in SBP. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severely elevated baseline SBP (>180 mmHg) may be at higher risk for hemodynamic instability and neurological events during carotid stenting. The greater the change in SBP, the more severe the neurological event seems to be, but further studies in a greater number of patients are needed to evaluate the potential causes of SBP fluctuations in an effort to avoid neurological events. |
| Cost effective analyses in the treatment of high blood pressure Fletcher, A. (1992), J Hum Hypertens 6(6): 437-45. |
| Cost-effectiveness analysis: role in evaluation of alternatives for improving high blood pressure control Steinwachs, D. M. (1984), Md State Med J 33(3): 225-7. |
| Cost-effectiveness of the lower treatment goal (of JNC VI) for diabetic hypertensive patients. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Elliott, W. J., D. R. Weir, et al. (2000), Arch Intern Med 160(9): 1277-83. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The recommendation of the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) to lower blood pressure (BP) in diabetic patients to less than 130/85 mm Hg may have negative economic consequences. A formal cost-effectiveness analysis was therefore performed, comparing the costs and potential benefits of a BP goal of less than 140/90 mm Hg (as recommended by JNC V) vs less than 130/85 mm Hg (as inJNC VI). METHODS: A 24-cell computer model was populated with costs (1996 dollars), relative risks, and age-specific base-line rates for death and 4 nonfatal adverse events (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease), derived from published data. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. RESULTS: For 60-year-old diabetic persons with hypertension, treating to the lower BP goal increases life expectancy by 0.48 (discounted) years and lowers (discounted) lifetime medical costs by $1450 compared with treating BP to less than 140/90 mm Hg. The lower treatment BP goal results in an overall cost savings over a wide range of initial conditions, and for nearly all analyses for patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Any incremental treatment for 60-year-olds that costs less than $414 annually and successfully lowers BP from below 140/90 to below 130/85 mm Hg would be cost saving in the long term, due to the reduction in attendant costs of future morbidity. The lower treatment goal recommended for high-risk hypertensive patients compares favorably in cost-effectiveness with many other frequently recommended treatment strategies, and saves money overall for patients aged 60 years and older. |
| Critical patient behaviors in high blood pressure control McCombs, J., J. Fink, et al. (1980), Cardiovasc Nurs 16(4): 19-23. |
| Culture and high blood pressure: understandings of a chronic illness in an Ojibwa community Garro, L. C. (1988), Arctic Med Res 47 Suppl 1: 70-3. |
| Cumulative effects of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking on carotid stenosis Wilson, P. W., J. M. Hoeg, et al. (1997), N Engl J Med 337(8): 516-22. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Single measurements of cardiovascular risk factors may not accurately reflect a person's past exposure to those risk factors. We therefore studied the long-term associations of cardiovascular risk factors such as high serum cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking with the prevalence of carotid stenosis. METHODS: We studied cross-sectional and longitudinal information from a sample of 429 men and 661 women in the Framingham Heart Study who underwent B-mode ultrasound measurements of the carotid artery. Their mean age was 75 years, and each had attended most of the biennial clinic examinations over the 34 years before the carotid ultrasound study. We used time-integrated measurements to assess the associations between various cardiovascular risk factors and the degree of carotid stenosis. RESULTS: Moderate carotid stenosis (> or =25 percent) was present in 189 men and 226 women. We assessed the odds ratios for this degree of stenosis as compared with minimal stenosis (<25 percent) according to increases in risk factors. In the men, the odds ratio for moderate carotid stenosis associated with an increase of 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure was 2.11 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.51 to 2.97). The odds ratio for an increase of 10 mg per deciliter (0.26 mmol per liter) in the cholesterol level was 1.10 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.16), and for an increase of five pack-years of smoking it was 1.08 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.13). The results were similar in the women. Time-integrated measurements of diastolic blood pressure showed significant associations with carotid stenosis in men and insignificant associations in women. CONCLUSIONS: Over the long term, high systolic blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and smoking were associated with an increased risk of carotid stenosis in this elderly population. |
| Current aspects of high blood pressure research in Africa Akinkugbe, O. O. (1989), Clin Cardiol 12(12 Suppl 4): IV87-90. Abstract: Hypertension in Africa represents a challenge and an opportunity. As the two epidemics of infection and malnutrition are increasingly brought under control, increasing morbidity and mortality from hypertension have been documented and offer a challenge for prevention. Heterogeneity within and between African populations offers opportunities for detecting clues to the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension. For example, populations in urban areas have already shown a greater prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hypertensive heart and kidney disease than those in rural areas. The generally better lipid profiles in African blacks compared with whites is associated not only with low rates of coronary heart disease, but also with low prevalences of hypertensive retinopathy, despite substantial prevalences of hypertension in African blacks. Areas of Africa with a natural abundance of salt, such as Gambia and Senegal, tend to have indigenes with less tendency to retain a salt load than those from areas that are traditionally salt poor. |
| Current concepts of high blood pressure in children Andre, J. L. and J. P. Deschamps (1986), Ann Pediatr (Paris) 33(3): 201-9. |
| Current recommendations of the joint national high blood pressure committee Carter, B. L. (1993), Clin Pharm 12(1): 53-7. Abstract: A great deal of new information has become available in the field of hypertension since the JNC report of 1988. The JNC V report has changed the categorization of blood pressure, modified suggested drugs for initial therapy, and recommended that diuretics or beta blockers be considered the first-line drugs of choice. Information concerning the J curve and end-stage renal disease has made therapeutic goals more challenging. One of the most important additions to this report is the new information on treating elderly patients, which had been lacking until last year. The report calls on pharmacists to assist with detecting, evaluating, and referring hypertensive patients. Pharmacists must take a leadership role in promoting compliance with antihypertensive therapy and can assist other health-care professionals by suggesting therapeutic alternatives to improve efficacy, reduce the frequency of administration, and lower costs. The complete JNC V report is an essential reference for the files of any pharmacist who is responsible for the care of hypertensive patients. |
| Current state of hypertension studies. Report from the congress of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research, October 1978 in Cleveland, Ohio, on the occasion of the 1st anniversary of the death of Harry Goldblatt (proceedings) Schilling, A. (1979), Fortschr Med 97(8): 325-6. |
| Current status of high blood pressure control Cunningham, S. and M. Hill (1982), Nurse Pract 7(3): 37-44. |
| Cyclooxygenase-1-deficient mice have high sleep-to-wake blood pressure ratios and renal vasoconstriction Kawada, N., G. Solis, et al. (2005), Hypertension 45(6): 1131-8. Abstract: We used cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-deficient mice to test the hypothesis that COX-1 regulates blood pressure (BP) and renal hemodynamics. The awake time (AT) mean arterial pressures (MAPs) measured by telemetry were not different between COX-1(+/+) and COX-1(-/-) (131+/-2 versus 126+/-3 mm Hg; NS). However, COX-1(-/-) had higher sleep time (ST) MAP (93+/-1 versus 97+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05) and sleep-to-awake BP ratio (+8.6%; P<0.05). Under anesthesia with moderate sodium loading, COX-1(-/-) had higher MAP (109+/-5 versus 124+/-4 mm Hg; P<0.05), renal vascular resistance (23.5+/-1.6 versus 30.7+/-1.7 mm Hg. mL(-1). min(-1). g(-1); P<0.05) and filtration fraction (33.7+/-2.1 versus 40.2+/-2.0%; P<0.05). COX-1(-/-) had a 89% reduction (P<0.0001) in the excretion of TxB2, a 76% reduction (P<0.01) in PGE2, a 40% reduction (P<0.0002) in 6-ketoPGF1alpha (6keto), a 27% reduction (P<0.02) in 11-betaPGF2alpha (11beta), a 35% reduction (P<0.01) in nitrate plus nitrite (NOx), and a 52% increase in metanephrine (P<0.02). The excretion of normetanephrine, a marker for sympathetic nervous activity, was reduced during ST in COX-1(+/+) (6.9+/-0.9 versus 3.2+/-0.6 g. g(-1) creatinine. 10(-3); P<0.01). This was blunted in COX-1(-/-) (5.1+/-0.9 versus 4.9+/-0.7 g. g(-1) creatinine. 10(-3); NS). Urine collection during ST showed lower excretion of 6keto, 11beta, NOx, aldosterone, sodium, and potassium than during AT in both COX-1(+/+) and COX-1(-/-), and there were positive correlations among these parameters (6keto versus NOx; P<0.005; 11beta versus NOx; P<0.005; and NOx versus sodium; P<0.005). In conclusion, COX-1 mediates a suppressed sympathetic nervous activity and enhanced NO, which may contribute to renal vasodilatation and a reduced MAP while asleep or under anesthesia. COX-1 contributes to the normal nocturnal BP dipping phenomenon. |
| Cyclosporine-associated hypertension. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Porter, G. A., W. M. Bennett, et al. (1990), Arch Intern Med 150(2): 280-3. |
| Decision of dialysate sodium concentration appropriate for each dialysis patient from the standpoint of the prevention of high reninemia, high blood pressure, tetanic attack and thirst feeling (author's transl) Haruyama, T., K. Shitomi, et al. (1977), Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 19(5): 383-9. |
| Decreased sedation by xylazine and high blood pressure in cows with BSE Braun, U., S. Abgottspon, et al. (1999), Vet Rec 144(26): 715-7. Abstract: Fifteen cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and 90 healthy cows were given xylazine intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg bodyweight. The onset of sedation and of drooling was recorded, and the heart and respiratory rates and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured every five minutes for 40 minutes. All the healthy cows but only five of the 15 cows with BSE became sedated, and the period between the administration of xylazine and the onset of sedation was twice as long in the cows with BSE than in the healthy cows (15.0 7.5 and 7.6 2.6 minutes). Throughout the observation period, the blood pressure of the cows with BSE was significantly higher than that of the healthy cows, and the blood pressure of the healthy cows, but not of the cows with BSE, decreased significantly towards the end of the observation period. |
| Definition of high blood pressure Kanayama, Y. and T. Takeda (1992), Nippon Rinsho 50 Suppl: 153-6. |
| Definition of high blood pressure, epidemiology and goals of hypertension treatment Dahlof, B. (1998), Int J Clin Pract Suppl 98: 3-5. |
| Delayed hypersensitivity and high blood pressure in man Olsen, F. and B. Loft (1973), Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 81(2): 145-7. |
| Delayed increase in blood pressure induced by spontaneously hypertensive rat plasma after high sodium intake Tikkanen, I., T. L. Teravainen, et al. (1997), Blood Press 6(3): 188-91. Abstract: Plasma from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and from patients with essential hypertension has been suggested to contain a substance with a delayed pressor effect, parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF), associated with salt-sensitive forms of hypertension. In order to study whether high sodium intake would increase plasma levels of PHF-like activity, determined by bioassay, SHR received either a high-sodium (2.6% Na in the chow) or a normal-sodium (0.3% Na) diet for 6 weeks. Intravenous injection of plasma from SHR on a high-sodium diet (6 ml/kg) to urethane-anaesthetized Wistar rats induced a delayed increase in mean arterial blood pressure 70-80 min after bolus injection. No delayed pressor effects could be demonstrated by plasma from SHR or Wistar rats on a normal-sodium diet. It is concluded that a factor with a delayed blood pressure-increasing effect appears to be present in plasma from SHR on a high-sodium diet but not in plasma from normotensive Wistar rats or SHR on a normal-sodium diet. Further studies to characterize this factor and its possible relation to salt-induced hypertension are warranted. |
| Dental treatment in a patient with malignant pheochromocytoma and severe uncontrolled high blood pressure Findler, M., Z. Mazor, et al. (1993), Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 75(3): 290-1. Abstract: A young female with severely uncontrolled hypertension suspected to result from malignant pheochromocytoma underwent combined medical and dental care for the treatment of acute dental pain. The dental treatment was performed with the patient under intravenous sedation and careful perioperative management with the use of high doses of alpha and beta receptor blocking agents. The procedure was completed without intraoperative problems and an uneventful posttreatment course. |
| Dentists and high blood pressure control: an opportunity for service and growth Abbey, L. M. (1978), J Prev Dent 5(2): 17, 19, 22. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid repair synthesis: a new factor for defining high blood pressure Thulin, T., R. W. Pero, et al. (1976), Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 3: 695s-696s. Abstract: 1. The level of DNA repair synthesis has been compared in males diagnosed as having hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mmHg), males with slightly elevated blood pressure (greater than 95th percentile corrected for age) and males with normal or subnormal blood pressure (less than or equal to 30th percentile corrected for age). 2. The hypertensive males and the males with elevated blood pressure could not be distinguished from each other with respect to the levels of chemically induced repair synthesis, but both were significantly increased over the induced repair synthesis values of individuals with normal or low blood pressure. Since it has been shown previously that lymphocytes with high repair synthesis values also have increased levels of both carcinogen-DNA binding and chromosomal aberrations (Norden, Schersten, Thulin, Pero, Bryngelsson & Mitelman, 1975), the biological significance of this variable appears to be of value in discriminating between normal and high blood pressure groups. |
| Design and interpretation of studies comparing individuals with and without a family history of high blood pressure Watt, G. (1986), J Hypertens 4(1): 1-7. |
| Design of a multicenter trial to evaluate long-term life-style intervention in adults with high-normal blood pressure levels. Trials of Hypertension Prevention (phase II). Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group Hebert, P. R., R. J. Bolt, et al. (1995), Ann Epidemiol 5(2): 130-9. Abstract: Phase II of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) is a multicenter, randomized trial sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute designed to test whether weight loss alone, sodium reduction alone, or the combination of weight loss and sodium reduction will decrease diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as the incidence of hypertension (DBP > or = 90 mm Hg, SBP > or = 140 mm Hg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications) in subjects with high-normal DBP (83 to 89 mm Hg) and SBP less than 140 mm Hg at entry. These interventions were chosen for longer-term testing with end points including hypertension prevention as well as blood pressure (BP) change based on their demonstrated short-term efficacy in reducing BP in phase I of TOHP. The phase II study population is comprised of 2382 participants (1566 men and 816 women) who are 110 to 165% of desirable body weight, allocated at random to the four treatment arms using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The trial has 80% power to detect an overall treatment effect on DBP of 1.2 mm Hg for weight loss or sodium reduction and a difference of 1.6 mm Hg between the combined intervention and placebo groups. BP observers are blinded to participant treatment assignments. Participants will be followed for 3 to 4 years. This trial may have important public policy implications concerning the ability of life-style modifications to reduce BP and prevent the development of hypertension over the long term, thereby avoiding the need for drug therapy which while effective is costly and may have side effects. |