| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Designation of children with high blood pressure--considerations on percentile cut points and subsequent high blood pressure: the Bogalusa Heart Study Shear, C. L., G. L. Burke, et al. (1987), Am J Epidemiol 125(1): 73-84. Abstract: The effects of changing the percentile cut points of prior blood pressure measurements (both single and serial examinations) on prediction of subsequent high blood pressure, and of the definition of subsequent high blood pressure were assessed in 1,501 children from Bogalusa, Louisiana. Subjects were 2-14 years old at initial examination (year 1, 1973-1974) and were reexamined three, five, and eight years after the initial examination. Increasing the stringency of the prior measurement cut point resulted in increased specificity and positive predictive value, but decreased sensitivity and negative predictive value. For prediction of subsequent systolic blood pressure at the 90th percentile from year 1 levels, increasing the year 1 cut point from the 80th to the 95th percentile resulted in decreased sensitivity from 42.8 to 13.0%, and increased specificity from 83.0 to 97.3%. For systolic pressure, requiring all prior serial measurements to be above specified cut points resulted in further increases in specificity (maximizing at 100%) and decreases in sensitivity (minimizing at 2.1%). Using a year 1 cut point at the 90th percentile, increases in the definition of subsequent high blood pressure (from the 80th percentile to 140/90 mmHg or on treatment, respectively) resulted in increased sensitivity (from 20.5 to 33.3%) and negative predictive value, with decreasing specificity (from 93.9 to 91.3%) and positive predictive value. The results indicate that use of stringent criteria (serially at the 95th percentile) to identify children at risk for future essential hypertension will result in a substantial portion of the childhood population who will escape early identification but who will develop adult hypertension. Less stringent criteria will increase sensitivity and thereby provide the opportunity for primary prevention to a larger portion of the general childhood population who are at high risk for adult hypertension. |
| Detecting high blood pressure in an industrial population. Report on a hypertension screening program at Merck & Co., Inc Davidson, W. L. (1975), Occup Health Nurs 23(5): 10-3. |
| Detection and control of high blood pressure in the community: Do we need a wake-up call? Meissner, I., J. P. Whisnant, et al. (1999), Hypertension 34(3): 466-71. Abstract: At the community level, the effect of national programs in increasing hypertension awareness, prevention, treatment, and control is unclear. This study evaluated the degree of detection and control of high blood pressure in a random population-based sample of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents >/=45 years old, of whom 636 subjects among 1245 eligible residents agreed to participate. Home interview and home and office measurements of blood pressure were used to estimate awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypertension in the community. Mean blood pressures (+/-SD) were 138/80+/-20/12 mm Hg for men and 137/76+/-23/11 mm Hg for women. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 53%. The percentage of subjects with treated and controlled hypertension was 16.6%. Thirty-nine percent of subjects were unaware of their hypertension. Despite clinical trial evidence of reduced morbidity and mortality with antihypertensive therapy, recently reported national data suggest a leveling-off trend for treatment and control of hypertension. This population-based study supports these observations and suggests that at a community level, hypertension awareness and blood pressure control rates are suboptimal, presumably because of decreased attention to the detection and control of hypertension. |
| Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure Moser, M. (1977), N Y State J Med 77(11): 1753-8. |
| Detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension: JNC-5 (Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) Frohlich, E. D. (1993), Heart Dis Stroke 2(6): 459-60. |
| Determinants of blood pressure at high and low altitudes in Ethiopia Clegg, E. J., D. J. Jeffries, et al. (1976), Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 194(1114): 63-82. |
| Determinants of control of high blood pressure. The Oslo Health Study 2000-2001 Tonstad, S., K. Furu, et al. (2004), Blood Press 13(6): 343-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine determinants of control of high blood pressure in Oslo, Norway. METHODS: The Oslo Health Study 2000-2001, a population-based survey, included 6301 men and 7645 women born in 1924/25, 1940/41, 1955 and 1960 that were screened for high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors. Uncontrolled high blood pressure was defined as systolic > 140 mmHg or diastolic > 90 mmHg or both. RESULTS: Use of antihypertensive drugs was 4.1% at age 40-45 years, 19.1% at age 60 years and 35.8% at age 75 years. Among pharmacologically treated subjects with diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD), one-third of subjects aged 40-45 years, over one-half of those aged 60 years and nearly two-thirds of those aged 75 years had uncontrolled high blood pressure. These proportions were 8-13 percentage points higher in subjects without diabetes or CVD. Among pharmacologically treated men, younger age, use of statins, body mass index below 25 kg/m2, and CVD or diabetes were associated with a lower risk of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Among treated women, younger age and cigarette smoking were associated with a lower risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of CVD or diabetes and the prescription of cholesterol-lowering statins were independently associated with better control of blood pressure. Non-smoking women were more likely to have uncontrolled high blood pressure than their smoking counterparts. |
| Determinants of high blood pressure in salt-deprived renal hypertensive rats: role of changes in plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume and plasma angiotensin II Mourant, A. J. (1978), Clin Sci Mol Med 55(1): 81-7. Abstract: 1. Rats with indwelling aortic and right atrial cannulae were maintained on a sodium-free diet before and after renal arterial constriction combined with contralateral nephrectomy. Control animals underwent the same protocol except that non-constricting clips were used. 2. Plasma volumes in the salt-deprived animals were lower than previously determined values in animals with free access to sodium. After clipping plasma volume increased in the hypertensive animals. Extracellular fluid volume was increased equally in both normotensive and hypertensive animals on the second postoperative day only. 3. Before clipping and contralateral nephrectomy plasma angiotensin II values were higher than normal. After the operation angiotensin II concentrations fell to normal over a period of 14 days without significant differences between experimental and control groups. 4. It is concluded that high blood pressure after clipping may be in part maintained by increases in plasma volume. However, the results strongly suggest that other renal mechanisms are likely to be of major pathogenic importance. |
| Determination of a reference range for whole blood serotonin in a pediatric population using high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Goldsmith, B. M., C. Feinstein, et al. (1986), Clin Biochem 19(6): 359-63. Abstract: Whole blood serotonin (5HT) concentrations were measured in a group of children and adolescents to determine a reference range for this population. Blood was collected after at least a 6-hour fast, mixed with ascorbic acid and EDTA, and frozen at -70 degrees C until analysis. 5HT was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Matrix-matched whole blood standards and controls were used to determine 5HT concentrations, and monitor performance of the assay. 5HT concentrations in boys ranged from 0.53 to 3.13 mumol/L (mean = 1.27, SD = 0.47) while the range for girls was 0.63 to 2.46 mumol/L (mean = 1.21, SD = 0.47). There was no significant difference in 5HT concentrations between boys and girls, nor was there any significant change in 5HT concentration with age. The nonparametric central 95 percent reference range for boys and girls was determined to be 0.64-2.45 mumol/L. |
| Determination of amitriptyline and some of its metabolites in blood by high-pressure liquid chromatography Kraak, J. C. and P. Bijster (1977), J Chromatogr 143(5): 499-512. Abstract: Conditions for the determination of amitriptyline and some of its metabolites in serum on a reversed-phase material (C-8) by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection at 254 nm were systematically investigated. The separation of tricyclic antidepressants is best carried out on a phase system consisting of C-8 bonded-phase material as the stationary phase and water--methanol--dichloromethane--propylamine as the mobile phase. The precision and detection limit of the method and the extraction efficiency were established. A chromatogram of a serum extract from a patient treated with amitriptyline is shown. Serum levels of amitriptyline and its four main metabolites (nortriptyline, desmethylnortriptyline, trans-10-hydroxy-amitriptyline and trans-10-hydroxy-nortriptyline) in a patient receiving 150 mg of amitriptyline daily, are reported. |
| Determination of blood bile acids using high pressure liquid chromatography: comparison of chromatographic, enzymatic and immunoenzymatic methods Buratti, M., O. Pellegrino, et al. (1990), Med Lav 81(1): 65-74. Abstract: A method has been developed for measuring serum conjugated bile acids by HPLC. Serum samples, to which the internal standard is added, are purified by a solid phase procedure and injected on a reverse phase C18 column. Elution is accomplished by means of a flow gradient and peaks are detected at 198 nm. The detection limit ranges between 0.05 and 0.20 mumol/l for different analytes; between-day precision (CV 5.8%), working linear range (up to 50 mumol/l) and recovery (87%) were established. Comparison of the results obtained with HPLC, enzymatic and immuno-enzymatic methods gave high correlation coefficients. The method was applied for diagnostic purpose to a group of subjects suffering from various liver diseases. Also, 106 healthy workers, not occupationally exposed to known or potentially hepatotoxic agents, were studied in order to establish reference values for use in biological monitoring of chronic low level exposure to solvents. The method has the advantage of a more simple procedure compared to previously reported HPLC methods and appears to be well suited for routine use in toxicological and clinical test laboratories. |
| Determination of blood sugars by high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection Yuh, Y. S., J. L. Chen, et al. (1998), J Pharm Biomed Anal 16(6): 1059-66. Abstract: In this study, a high pressure liquid chromatography method with fluorescent detector was developed to analyze blood galactose, lactose and glucose simultaneously. Plasma sugars were prepared as fluorescent derivatives to react with FMOC-hydrazine (9-fluorenyl methyl chloroformate). A C18 reversed phase column and a fluorescent detector were used and run in ambient. The resolution index of galactose and glucose derivatives in the analytical method was 1.15. The coefficients of variation of the analysis were less than 7.5%. The concentration of FMOC-hydrazine did not significantly influence the analytical results for determination of the concentration of galactose. However, the ratios of acetonitrile in the mobile phase significantly affected the analysis of the fluorescent derivatives of sugars. The sensitivity of this method for galactose detection was 5 micrograms ml-1, and the required plasma volume for testing was only 25 microliters each. This analytical method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of galactose in vivo in a rabbit model. |
| Determination of carbamazepine in blood or plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography Kabra, P. M. and L. J. Marton (1976), Clin Chem 22(7): 1070-2. Abstract: We described a sensitive and precise high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method in which 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin is used as the internal standard in determining carbamazepine in whole blood or plasma. Carbamazepine is well separated from normal blood constituents in less than 8 min, and other commonly used anticonvulsants do not interfere with the analysis. The sensitivity of this method is adequate to quantitate 0.25 mg of carbamazepine per liter in 2 ml of sample, and the lower limit of detection is 100 ng. Twenty specimens were analyzed by a gas-chromatographic method and by the present method; the resulting correlation coefficient was greater than.980. |
| Determination of clozapine in blood serum using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) Misztal, G. (1990), Acta Pol Pharm 47(3-4): 7-9. Abstract: For the simultaneous determination of clozapine in presence of its metabolite in serum a sensitive reversed phase HPLC method was used. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitril-methanol-phosphoric buffer pH 4.5 (5:4:1). The solvent for extracting clozapine from serum was diethyl ether. Dezipramine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard. The method is sufficiently sensitive (25 ng) and reproducible for clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. |
| Determination of flunitrazepam and its metabolites in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry Bogusz, M. J., R. D. Maier, et al. (1998), J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 713(2): 361-9. Abstract: A selective assay of flunitrazepam (F) and its metabolites 7-aminoflunitrazepam (7-AF), N-desmethylflunitrazepam (N-DF) and 3-hydroxyflunitrazepam (3-OHF) with liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS, positive ions) is described. The drugs were isolated from serum, blood or urine using a solid-phase extraction procedure previously applied to various drugs of abuse. F-d3 and 7-AF-d3 were used as internal standards. The drugs were separated on ODS column in acetonitrile-50 mM ammonium formate buffer, pH 3.0 (45:55, v/v). After analysis of mass spectra taken in full scan mode, a selected-ion monitoring detection was applied with following ions: m/z 284 (7-AF and F), 287 (7-AF-d3 and F-d3), 314 (F), 300 (N-DF and 3-OHF), 317 (F-d3), 330 (3-OHF). The limits of detection were: 0.2 microg/l for F and 7-AF, 1 microg/l for N-DF and 3-OHF. The method was linear in the range 1-500 microg/l, the recoveries ranged from 92 to 99%. The method was applied for determination of F and metabolites in clinical and forensic samples. LC-APCI-MS seems to be a method of choice for these compounds. |
| Determination of free and conjugated catecholamines, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the urine and blood plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography Kogan, B. M., A. Z. Drozdov, et al. (1995), Klin Lab Diagn(3): 25-8. Abstract: A method for simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated forms of adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the blood plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector has been developed. The levels of the said substances in 36 normal volunteers and 20 patients with mental disorders are presented. Simultaneous measurements of excretion of free catecholamines and their conjugates permitted a more complete characterization of catecholamine metabolism, which is important for understanding the mechanisms of disorders in catecholamine system in various diseases. |
| Determination of hypoxanthine and inosine of blood by the method of liquid chromatography under high pressure Gneushev, E. T., V. V. Naumova, et al. (1977), Lab Delo(12): 718-21. |
| Determination of N,N-dimethylindolealkylamines in plasma, blood and urine extracts by radioimmunoassay and high pressure liquid chromatography Riceberg, L. J. and H. V. Vunakis (1978), J Pharmacol Exp Ther 206(1): 158-66. Abstract: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for N,N-dimethylindolealkylamine derivatives has been developed. It is possible to detect 200 to 700 femtomoles of 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine or N,N-dimethyltryptamine in a given sample. Antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with a conjugate prepared by reacting 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine with a diazotized dl-p-amino-phenylalanine bovine serum albumin conjugate. For identification of immunoreactive material high pressure liquid chromatography was used to separate these compounds from each other and from known cross-reacting compounds found in physiological specimens. After chromatography, individual fractions were analyzed by the radioimmunoassay. This combination of high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay has permitted the identification and quantification of these compounds in extracts of urine, plasma and whole blood from normal individuals. |
| Determination of nitric oxide in serum and plasma of human blood. Method of high pressure liquid chromatography Kobylianskii, A. G., T. V. Kuznetsova, et al. (2003), Biomed Khim 49(6): 597-603. Abstract: Two methods of measurement of nitrite and nitrate determination in human serum and plasma (a colorimetric method based on Griess reaction and a HPLC method) have been compared HPLC method revealed extremely low level of nitrites blood plasma, which was roughly the same (about 3 microM or less) in healthy donors, patients with diabetes and hypertension. The level of nitrates in the group of healthy donors (29.9 +/- 2.8 microM) is lower than in patients with diabetes (58.6 +/- 6.9 microM), and in patients with hypertension (35.4 +/- 2.5 microM). Comparison of data obtained by colorimetric and HPLC methods revealed close correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Methodical requirements for preparation of samples of serum and plasma of blood for analysis and correct intepretation of results are discussed in view of biochemical properties of nitric oxide molecule. |
| Determination of remoxipride in cadaver blood using high pressure liquid chromatography Nietsch, W. and W. Martz (1994), Arch Kriminol 193(5-6): 153-7. Abstract: The suitability of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining remoxipride levels in cadaver blood was tested in a case of possible remoxipride intoxication. Level in our case was found to be lower than in cases of remoxipride poisoning described in the literature. The procedure developed for using HPLC to measure remoxipride levels in cadaver blood is described in detail. Using this method a distinction could be made between remoxipride and sulpiride. |
| Determination of retinol in human blood plasma using high pressure liquid chromatography Sergeev, A. V., V. E. Shevchenko, et al. (1983), Vopr Med Khim 29(5): 54-8. Abstract: A quantitative procedure for estimation of retinol in human blood plasma using high pressure liquid chromatography involved separation of the retinoids on an reversed phase analytical column. C19-retinoid aldehyde was used as an internal standard. The procedure enabled to detect up to 0.015 microgram of retinol/ml of blood plasma and may be used for routine clinical analyses. |
| Determination of the anti-inflammatory agent carprofen, (D,L)-6-chloro-alpha-methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid, in blood by high-pressure liquid chromatography Puglisi, C. V., J. C. Meyer, et al. (1977), J Chromatogr 136(3): 391-9. Abstract: A rapid, sensitive, and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of (D,L)-6-chloro-alpha-methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid (carprofen) in blood. The assay involves extraction into diethyl ether from blood buffered to pH 6. The overall recovery of carprofen from blood is 97.3 +/- 5.3% (S.D.), and the sensitivity limit of detection is 100-200 ng/ml of blood using a fluorescence detector with excitation at 240 nm and emission at wavelengths greater than 350 nm. The HPLC assay is amenable to rapid routine analysis of clinical specimens, and the data obtained using this assay showed an excellent correlation coefficient (0.99) compared with a previously published spectrofluorometric assay. The method was used to monitor the blood level-time fall-off profiles in four subjects following single and multiple dose administration of carprofen. |
| Determination of the carotenoid phytoene in blood by high-pressure liquid chromatography Puglisi, C. V. and J. A. de Silva (1976), J Chromatogr 120(2): 457-64. Abstract: A sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the determination of phytoene in blood with an overall recovery of 86 +/- 6.0% and a limit of detection of 50-100 ng per ml of blood. This method provides for rapid and simple quantitation of phytoene using 1 ml or less of blood. The assay was used in the determination of phytoene blood levels in the dog following intravenous and oral administration of 10-mg/kg doses. |
| Determination of the disappearance rate of azathioprine from circulating rat blood by high-pressure liquid chromatography Hobara, N. and A. Watanabe (1979), Acta Med Okayama 33(4): 239-43. Abstract: A rapid and specific method of high-pressure liquid chromatography for determining 6-(1-methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazole) mercaptopurine (azathioprine) in the blood was developed using mu Bondapak C18 as adsorbent and 30% aquous methanol as eluent. Azathioprine was completely separated from related compounds in blood. The standard curve showed a linear relationship at least between 0.6 and 30 micrograms per ml of serum. Recovery was satisfactory and the analytical time needed was less than 20 min. Disappearance rates of azathioprine from circulating blood in rats were 0.026 in probenecid-treated rats, and 0.103 in intact rats. |
| Determination of the psychotropic drug thioridazine and its metabolites in blood by means of high pressure liquid chromatography in combination with fluorometric reaction detection Muusze, R. G. and J. F. Huber (1974), J Chromatogr Sci 12(12): 779-87. |
| Determination of theophylline blood level by high-pressure liquid chromatography (author's transl) Menillet, G., M. C. Santais, et al. (1979), Toxicol Eur Res 2(2): 111-4. Abstract: The authors describe an easy, rapid, selective and reproducible quantitative determination of theophylline using a high-pressure liquid chromatograph. Plasma theophylline determination is very useful to establish an efficaceous and non toxic posology for each patient. |
| Development and evaluation of a method of high pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of the level of degradation of thyroliberin (TRH) in blood Aratan, S. and P. Czernichow (1978), C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 286(23): 1735-8. Abstract: The degradation of the TRH by plasma was studied using a sensitive method for the separation of TRH and products formed by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC). The detected products are TRH-3H or synthetic TRH. The HPLC analysis is performed on a microparticulate (10 mu) silica gel chromatographic column with CH3CN/0,01 M NH4OAc, at pH 6 (30/70) (V/V). This technique provides a good separation of TRH and the other products of degradation. In our experimental conditions, the human plasma degrades 62.5 +/- 5% of of TRH in 60 mn; very similar results are obtained with thin layer chromatography. |
| Development and testing of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale Kim, M. T., M. N. Hill, et al. (2000), Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 15(3): 90-6. Abstract: The Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale assesses patient behaviors for three important behavioral domains of high blood pressure treatment: 1) reduced sodium intake; 2) appointment keeping; and 3) medication taking. This scale is comprised of 14 items in three subscales. Each item is a four point Likert type scale. The content validity of the scale was assessed by a relevant literature review and an expert panel, which focused on cultural sensitivity and appropriateness of the instrument for low literacy. Internal consistency reliability and predictive validity of the scale were evaluated using two community based samples of hypertensive adults enrolled in clinical trials of high blood pressure care and control. The standardized alpha for the total scale were 0.74 and 0.84, and the average interitem correlations of the 14 items were 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. The construct and predictive validity of the scale was assessed by factor analysis and by testing of theoretically derived hypotheses regarding whether the scale demonstrated consistent and expected relationships with related variables. In this study, high compliance scale scores predicted significantly lower levels of blood pressure and blood pressure control. Moreover, high compliance scale scores at the baseline were significantly associated with blood pressure control at both baseline and at follow up in the two independent samples. This brief instrument provides a simple method for clinicians in various settings to use to assess patients' self reported compliance levels and to plan appropriate interventions. |
| Development of high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats is delayed by treatment with cyclosporin at an early age Sitsen, J. M. and W. de Jong (1987), Experientia 43(4): 403-5. Abstract: In spontaneously hypertensive rats the effect of the T-cell inhibitor cyclosporin was studied at different ages. If treatment was started at the age of 2 weeks the development of hypertension was delayed, but the ultimate level of blood pressure was not affected. These results indicate the involvement of immune mechanisms in the early development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. |
| Devices used for self-measurement of blood pressure. Revised statement of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Hunt, J. C., E. D. Frohlich, et al. (1985), Arch Intern Med 145(12): 2231-4. |
| DGAT1 promoter polymorphism associated with alterations in body mass index, high density lipoprotein levels and blood pressure in Turkish women Ludwig, E. H., R. W. Mahley, et al. (2002), Clin Genet 62(1): 68-73. Abstract: Triglyceride synthesis is catalyzed by acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT), microsomal enzymes that use diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoAs as substrates. Because DGAT1 expression is up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation and DGAT1 deficiency is associated with leanness in mice, we hypothesized that alterations in DGAT1 expression may affect human body weight. We identified five polymorphisms in the human DGAT1 promoter and 5' non-coding sequence in a random Turkish population. Functional analysis of one common variant, C79T, revealed reduced promoter activity for the 79T allele in cultured cell lines. In 476 Turkish women, the 79T allele was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.004), conferring an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI = 1.30-3.07, p = 0.0001) for BMI |
| Diabetes technology news. Calcium antagonists aid high blood pressure control Walczak, I. M. (2003), Diabetes Technol Ther 5(3): 510-1. |
| Diabetic retinopathy and high blood pressure: defining the risk Kohner, E. M. (1997), Am J Hypertens 10(9 Pt 2): 181S-183S. |
| Diabetics' high blood pressure is often undertreated, study says Levenson, D. (2002), Rep Med Guidel Outcomes Res 13(2): 7-9. |
| Diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure. How to invest? Wideroe, T. E., K. Dahl, et al. (1995), Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 115(3): 370-4. Abstract: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. During 1992 and 1993, several national consensus reports about treatment of arterial hypertension have been published. There are discrepancies between the recommendations contained in the reports, which has caused uncertainty among physicians. We discuss the basic problems connected to evaluation and recommendation, and the demand for standardization and organization of the health service programme for patients with high blood pressure. It is possible to learn from, and thereby achieve better quality of medical practice, through a continuous registration of our routines and results. The Trondheim model is designed to depict specific information from the primary health services in a follow-up programme. This information is sampled in a data base from which primary physicians can obtain feedback on statistical evaluations twice a year. This is defined as a quality assurance programme to secure and improve the quality of the medical service to patients with high blood pressure. |
| Diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure. New directions and new approaches: 1999 Canadian recommendations for management of hypertension Petrella, R. J. (2000), Can Fam Physician 46: 1479-84. |
| Diagnosis of high blood pressure in children by means of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Lurbe, E. and J. Redon (2001), Curr Hypertens Rep 3(2): 89-90. |
| Diagnosis of hypertension and high blood pressure levels negatively affect cognitive function in older adults Waldstein, S. R., J. R. Brown, et al. (2005), Ann Behav Med 29(3): 174-80. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension is associated with diminished performance on tests of cognitive function. The degree to which those diagnosed with hypertension have controlled blood pressure (BP) levels may be a critical determinant of cognitive outcomes. Persons with hypertension and poorly controlled BP are likely to display the worst performance on cognitive tests. PURPOSE: The purpose is to examine potential interactive relations of hypertension diagnostic status and current BP levels to cognitive function. METHODS: Participants were 101 healthy older adults (ages 53-84, 62% male, 90% White, 29% diagnosed with hypertension) who engaged in biomedical and neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: After statistical adjustment for age and education, persons with high BP performed more poorly than those with normal BP on the Visual Reproductions-Immediate and Delayed Recall and the Grooved Pegboard tests. Diagnosed hypertension was related to poorer performance on the Grooved Pegboard tests. An interaction of diagnosed hypertension and BP level revealed that those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP levels performed least well on the Grooved Pegboard tests and the Trail Making Test-Part A. CONCLUSION: Irrespective of prior diagnostic status, individuals with high BP displayed compromised performance on tests of nonverbal memory, motor speed, and manual dexterity. However, as compared to the other groups, those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP elevation were most vulnerable to difficulties on tests of perceptuo-motor speed, motor speed, and manual dexterity. These findings suggest the need for increased attention to preventative efforts with respect to BP assessment and control in older adults to help preserve cognitive function. |
| Diagnostic and therapeutical problems in patients more than 50 years old suffering from intracerebral hematomas due to high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis (author's transl) Probst, C. (1978), Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 67(28): 1030-7. |
| Diagnostic evaluation of the patient with high blood pressure Lee, R. E. (1965), Prog Cardiovasc Dis 8(2): 101-5. |