| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Catecholamines and monoamine oxidase activity in turkeys with high or low blood pressure el-Halawani, M. E., P. E. Waibel, et al. (1973), Trans N Y Acad Sci 35(6): 463-70. |
| Catecholamines in turkeys with high or low blood pressure: effects of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor and ganglionic blocker el-Halawani, M. E., P. E. Waibel, et al. (1972), Can J Physiol Pharmacol 50(7): 697-702. |
| Cation imbalance in erythrocytes, serum and 24-hour urine from patients with essential hypertension and adolescents with high blood pressure Tochikubo, O., O. Sasaki, et al. (1982), Jpn Circ J 46(5): 512-22. Abstract: Electrolyte concentrations in the erythrocytes, serum and 24-hr urine were measured in 34 untreated essential hypertensives (EH), 32 normotensives with a family history of hypertension (N+), 112 normotensives without a family history of hypertension (N-), 76 senior high school students with high blood pressure (H) and 110 students with normal blood pressure (C). For the measurement of intra-erythrocyte electrolytes, a new method to decrease the trapped plasma was developed and adopted. A new simple method to collect 24-hr urine was devised, too. The results were as follows: 1) The sodium concentration Na and the ratio of Na to potassium concentration Na/K in the erythrocytes were significantly higher in the EH and N+ than in the group of N- (p less than 0.01). 2) There was a positive correlation (r = 0.43) between the Na/K in the serum and erythrocytes in the 3 groups. The Na/K value in the erythrocytes to a given Na/K value in the serum was higher in EH than in the group of N-. 3) When the group of H was compared with C, the Na excretion of the 24-hr urine in the former group was found to be slightly higher, and the Na/K of the 24-hr urine and the Na and Na/K values of the erythrocytes were significantly higher, too. It may therefore be said that an increase in the intracellular Na or Na/K, which may be caused genetically, and an excess of Na intake and an increase of the ratio of Na/K intake are presumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. |
| Causes and effects of high blood pressure: a longitudinal approach to genetic cosegregational analysis Harrap, S. B. (1988), J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 12 Suppl 3: S99-109. Abstract: Numerous biochemical and physiological phenotypic differences exist between genetically normotensive and hypertensive rats. Only some of these differences, however, are likely to be related to the primary mechanisms causing high blood pressure. Others, and perhaps the majority, will be the result of either the secondary effects of hypertension or the result of incidental genetic differences between the strains that bear no relationship to the difference in blood pressure. Cosegregational analysis by cross-breeding normotensive and hypertensive strains permits the identification of phenotypes that are genetically linked to high blood pressure. However, cosegregational analyses are still prone to the confounding effects of hypertension per se, which can obscure important phenotypic traits and might even mimic Mendelian inheritance of phenotypes by producing qualitative shifts in gene expression. This paper discusses a longitudinal approach to genetic analysis designed to increase the sensitivity with which primary causes of high blood pressure are identified, by beginning the analysis during the development of high blood pressure. At this stage, phenotypic abnormalities causing blood pressure to rise are most likely to be present, and the blood pressure elevation is small so that the confounding effects of elevated arterial pressure are minimized. |
| CBO guideline 'high blood pressure' (revision) de Bruijckere, P. A. (2002), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146(9): 439; author reply 439. |
| CBO guideline 'High blood pressure' (revision) Grobbee, D. E., M. K. Tuut, et al. (2001), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 145(43): 2071-6. Abstract: The revised CBO guideline 'High blood pressure' details the present scientific knowledge about the detection, diagnosis and treatment of elevated blood pressure as well as the implementation of this knowledge in practice. For both systolic and diastolic increased blood pressure the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality gradually increases. The blood pressure is considered to be elevated if the systolic pressure is > or = 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic pressure is > 90 mmHg. For individuals aged 60 years and over, without diabetes, familiar hypercholesterolaemia or overt cardiovascular disease, 160 mmHg is the cut-off value for elevated systolic pressure. Depending on age or blood pressure level, the diagnosis 'elevated blood pressure' is established after 3 or 5 measurements over a period of some weeks (3 measurements) to 6 months (5 measurements). Where elevated blood pressure is diagnosed, lifestyle recommendations should be considered first and only if these provide insufficient results should medicinal treatments be adopted. The indication area for treatment is laid down in the case of elevated blood pressure and an absolute cardiovascular risk of 20% per 10 years. When the absolute cardiovascular risk is between 10% and 20% per year, treatment may be considered. For treatment the target value is the same as the criterion for elevated blood pressure. |
| CBO guideline 'high blood pressure' (revision) Polak, B. C. (2002), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146(9): 439; author reply 439-40. |
| Central blood volume and other hemodynamic indices in middle-aged and elderly persons with normal and high arterial pressure Tokar, A. V. (1969), Kardiologiia 9(2): 33-9. |
| Central inhibitory effect of adenosine deaminase on carotid blood flow increase at high pressure Guerrero, F. and H. Burnet (1996), Physiol Behav 59(2): 283-6. Abstract: Carotid blood flow in rats was measured by implanted transit-time ultrasonic flowprobes throughout hyperbaric experiments conducted up to 70 bar (7 MPa) with a helium-oxygen hyperoxic (PO2 = 400 mbar) mixture. Before the hyperbaric experiment, an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of phosphate saline-buffered solution (PBS) or adenosine deaminase (ADA, 100 U.ml-1) in PBS was performed. Throughout the hyperbaric experiment carotid blood flow increased with ambiant pressure in PBS-treated rats. Conversely, the increase in carotid blood flow was attenuated by ADA treatment. These results suggest that the increase in carotid blood flow at high ambiant pressure could result from an increase of adenosine concentration in the rat brain. |
| Cerebral blood flow during convulsions. Alterations induced in animals by high pressure oxygen Bean, J. W. and N. E. Leatherman (1969), Arch Neurol 20(4): 396-405. |
| Cerebral blood flow dynamics in monkeys breathing a helium-oxygen mixture under high pressure Demchenko, I. T., S. Zhiliaev, et al. (1994), Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 80(2): 136-43. Abstract: Breathing with normoxic helium-oxygen mixture under high pressure successively induced tremor, myoclonia, seizures. Blood flow and the pO2 during the motor disorders increased, depending in the pressure, in the cortex, caudate nucleus, black substance and reticular formation. |
| Change in blood pressure in offspring of parents with high or low blood pressure: the Dutch Hypertension and Offspring Study van Hooft, I. M., A. Hofman, et al. (1988), J Hypertens Suppl 6(4): S594-6. Abstract: A family history of hypertension is an important predictor of high blood pressure. We investigated the question of whether this predisposition affects the level and change of blood pressure early in life, and in particular, at what age the familial aggregation of blood pressure occurs. Blood pressure and related characteristics were studied in children whose parents both had relatively high blood pressure ('high') and the results were compared with those from children whose parents both had a relatively low blood pressure ('low') and with children with one parent high and the other parent low ('mixed'). At the age of 8 years there were no clear differences in pressure but at the age of 20 years there was a difference of 7 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic pressure between the high- and low-risk offspring. These findings suggest that the magnitude of familial aggregation of blood pressure increases during childhood and adolescence. |
| Change of reactivity of the circulatory apparatus in certain states of high blood pressure in dogs. Gorbovitskii, E. B. (1952), Trudy Vsesoiuznoe Fiziol Obshchestvo Im I P Pavlov Orenb Otd 50(1): 140-1. |
| Changes in average blood pressure and incidence of high blood pressure 1983-1984 to 1987-1988 in four population cohorts in the People's Republic of China. The PRC-USA Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology Research Group Wu, X., Z. Huang, et al. (1996), J Hypertens 14(11): 1267-74. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess comparative changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and incidence of high blood pressure over 4 years, and factors related to these changes, in northern and southern, urban and rural adults in the People's Republic of China. SETTING: This is a prospective study of populations surveyed by standardized methods in 1983-1984 and 1987-1988 in north China, Beijing area steel mill workers and farmers, and south China, Guangzhou area shipyard workers and farmers. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 8805 men and women aged 35-54 years at baseline (1983-1984), of whom 7338 were non-hypertensive (systolic blood pressure < 140, diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, not being administered antihypertensive drugs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were 4-year changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the 4-year incidence of high blood pressure in persons not hypertensive at baseline. RESULTS: At baseline, the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher for Beijing than for Guangzhou cohorts. At resurvey the average systolic blood pressure had increased for seven of eight sex-city-setting cohorts (all but Guangzhou urban men). The Beijing urban cohorts had the greatest increases (men 6.2 mmHg, women 4.9 mmHg, slopes of 1.6 and 1.2 mmHg/year). The incidence of high blood pressure was higher for Beijing than for Guangzhou cohorts in all four comparisons (men and women, urban and rural). Beijing men, urban and rural, had the highest incidence rates (about 21%). In multiple logistic analyses by sex, variables significantly related to 4-year high blood pressure incidence were city, baseline systolic blood pressure and body mass index, change in weight, and, for men, baseline alcohol use and heart rate. CONCLUSION: Modifiable lifestyle traits, previously shown to be related to blood pressure and high blood pressure in cross-sectional studies, also relate to the incidence of hypertension. |
| Changes in cardiac and respiratory function, and in blood carbon dioxide pressure and pH, in cats exposed to oxygen under high pressure Taylor, D. W. (1960), J Physiol 152: 506-14. |
| Changes in cardiac and respiratory rates, and in carbon dioxide pressure and pH of arterial blood, in anaesthetized rats exposed to oxygen under high pressure Taylor, D. W. (1958), J Physiol 143(1): 149-64. |
| Changes in cardiovascular responsiveness caused by age and high blood pressure: implications for therapy Buhler, F. R. and P. Bolli (1985), J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 Suppl 3: S206-15. Abstract: With older age and higher blood pressure, defective cardiovascular responses to beta-adrenergic activation allow unopposed alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction to occur. This helps to explain the transition from early hypertension resulting from an increase in cardiac output and renin secretion to a later form caused by an augmented peripheral vascular resistance. The status of the beta-adrenoceptors aids in determining the response to antihypertensive drugs. Thus, the predominance of beta-adrenergic responses to sympathetic stimulation renders the younger patient more susceptible to antihypertensive therapy with beta-adrenergic blockers or inhibitors of converting enzyme; the latter eliminates the amplifying effect of angiotension II on sympathetic neurotransmission. The blunted cardiovascular counterregulation observed in the older patients favors a response to antihypertensive drugs acting mainly by peripheral vasodilatation, including alpha-adrenergic antagonists and calcium-entry blockers. |
| Changes in noradrenaline sensitivity and morphology of arterial resistance vessels during development of high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats Mulvany, M. J., C. Aalkjaer, et al. (1980), Hypertension 2(5): 664-71. |
| Changes in renin, water balance, and sodium balance during development of high blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats Bianchi, G., P. G. Baer, et al. (1975), Circ Res 36(6 Suppl 1): 153-61. Abstract: In genetically hypertensive rats of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) and normotensive rats (NR) developed from the same Wistar stock colony, blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), sodium balance, and water balance were measured from the time of weaning to the seventh week postweaning in three separate but essentially identical experiments. In a fourth experiment, total and extracellular water, total sodium, and exchangeable sodium were measured in MHS and NR at 24 and 130 days of age. Although the time course of changes varied slightly between experiments, BP of both NR and MHS rose until the second and third weeks postweaning, at which time BP in MHS was 40 to 50 mm Hg higher than in NR. PRA in MHS was one-half that of NR at weaning. Increasing BP was accompanied by falling PRA in both, and PRA was not significantly different when stable, adult blood pressure was reached. Urinary volume in MHS was 50% to 100% greater (P less than 0.001) than in NR at weaning and for a few days after. Sodium was retained to a greater extent by MHS during the period when the blood pressure difference develops, from weaning to the fourth week postweaning. This sodium retention (MHS = 97.0 plus or minus 10.3, NR = 65.2 plus or minus 6.8 SE mu-Eq Na retained/g body weight gain; P less than 0.005) is the result of significantly lower urinary excretion of dietary sodium by MHS. A causative role for the kidney is suggested in the established of high blood pressure in MHS. |
| Changes in risk factors (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the treatment of high blood pressure with beta blockers and thiazide diuretics Ocon, J., T. Donate, et al. (1982), Med Clin (Barc) 79(2): 70-3. |
| Changes in short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate during the development of obesity-associated hypertension in high-fat fed dogs Verwaerde, P., J. M. Senard, et al. (1999), J Hypertens 17(8): 1135-43. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nature and time course of autonomic nervous system changes elicited by a 21-week ad libitum high-fat diet (HFD) in dogs. RESULTS: The HFD increased body weight (+22.0+/-2.8% at week 21) with an abdominal circumference gain significantly more elevated than the thoracic one. The increases in insulin and free fatty acid plasma levels were correlated with body weight changes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate significantly increased (+23+/-6, +28+/-5 and 19+/-9% respectively). Arterial hypertension was characterized by an increase in cardiac output (+22.3+/-7.7%), in left ventricular mass (+18.1+/-5.0% at week 21) and a decrease in spontaneous baroreflex efficiency (-55+/-6%). The time course of autonomic changes (using spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure and heart rate) showed the existence of time-dependent modifications, which were linked with food intake. The initial rise in arterial blood pressure during body weight increment (observed between the 1st and 8th week of HFD) was associated with a transient increase in the low frequency band of systolic blood pressure variability and noradrenaline plasma levels associated with a long-lasting decrease in the high frequency band of heart rate variability. Early changes in short-term variability were significantly correlated with free fatty acid plasma levels. In contrast, the steady-state of obesity-related hypertension was associated with a decreased high frequency band of heart rate variability, without significant changes in noradrenaline plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the HFD induces abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and arterial hypertension, with a left ventricular hypertrophy associated with a biphasic changes in autonomic activity: an early and long-lasting decrease in parasympathetic nervous system activity and an early but transient increase in sympathetic activity. The present data suggest that autonomic nervous system changes are dependent on the time course of obesity development. |
| Changes In The Peripheral Blood Of Man During Respiration Of High Pressure Oxygen. Shevchenko, A. I. (1964), Voen Med Zh 11: 55-6. |
| Changes in vasopressin V1 receptor mRNA level in rats with high blood pressure induced by chronic stress Lu, L. M., J. Wang, et al. (1999), Sheng Li Xue Bao 51(4): 471-6. Abstract: Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with Southern blotting hybridization technique, the AVP V1 receptor mRNA was found to be widely distributed in central neuronal system and other tissues of rats, such as cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, medulla, liver and kidney. The receptor mRNA levels in the cortex, hypothalamus and medulla were decreased significantly in chronically stressed rats, as compared with normal controls (cortex: P < 0.05; hypothalamus: P < 0.01; medulla: P < 0.001). But no significant change was observed in tissues of heart, liver and kidney (heart: P > 0.05; liver: P > 0.05; kidney: P > 0.05). These results suggest that chronic stress may lead to a decrease of AVP V1 receptor density in the CNS as a result of decreased synthesis. |
| Changes of blood pressure responsiveness in rats exposed in utero and perinatally to a high-salt environment Arguelles, J., P. Lopez-Sela, et al. (1996), Regul Pept 66(1-2): 113-5. Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that the pressor responses to angiotensin II could be influenced by an early salt exposure. Twenty-five adult female rats were pseudorandomly divided in two groups. Twelve animals underwent a partial ligature of their abdominal aorta (PAL). Once polydipsia and sodium appetite developed, these rats were mated. The other group (13 rats) was sham-operated (Sham) and mated. Throughout pregnancy and lactation, water and 2.7% NaCl solution intakes differed between the two groups of mother rats. PAL offspring (PAL-O; n = 14), and Sham-operated offspring (Sh-O; n = 10), were maintained on a solid diet containing 1% NaCl, tap water and a 2.7% NaCl solution. At 90 days of age, pressor responsiveness to intravenous angiotensin II (50, 100 and 200 ng) was assessed in anesthetized rats. The pressor responses to 50 and 200 ng angiotensin II were significantly greater in PAL-O rats than in Sh-O rats. These results support the hypothesis of a modulation of cardiovascular responsiveness or its underlying mechanisms by an early high salt environment. |
| Changes of intramuscular blood flow during continuous high pressure breathing Shephard, R. J. (1957), J Aviat Med 28(2): 142-53. |
| Changes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats during the onset of high blood pressure Singer, P., S. Voigt, et al. (1983), Prostaglandins Leukot Med 12(4): 399-408. Abstract: The fatty acid pattern of serum triglycerides and cholesterol esters has been estimated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (WR) at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of age. The percentage of linoleic acid (LA) was lower in SHR when compared with WR, but increased with age in both strains. Arachidonic acid (AA) showed an abrupt fall in SHR and WR at 5 weeks of age in comparison to 4 week old rats. The fall was more pronounced in serum triglycerides of the former and in cholesterol esters of the latter. The changes in AA occurred prior to the onset of hypertension in SHR. From the data it can be concluded that the formation of AA from LA might be dependent on age being quantitatively different in SHR and WR. Furthermore, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) appeared lower in SHR than in age-related WR. Docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids also revealed a marked decrease in rats between 4 and 5 weeks of age indicating that individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) change in a different manner which might be relevant to the development of high blood pressure in SHR. |
| Changing of therapeutic habits in the drug therapy of high blood pressure Lohmann, D., H. Gorlt, et al. (1980), Z Gesamte Inn Med 35(19): suppl 109-11. Abstract: The evaluation of special literature shows that in recent years a considerable change took place in the recommendations concerning the medicamentous therapy of high blood pressure. According to this the beta-receptor blockers took the first place, whereas the Rauwolfia-preparations increasingly receded into the background. An analysis of the consumption of antihypertensive drugs in the County of Leipzig resulted in the fact that the newer scientific knowledge is only very slowly followed in practice; thus the Rauwolfia-preparations are still at the top in the prescription of antihypertensive drugs. The results show that increased troubles are necessary to transfer scientific knowledge more quickly into practice. The ways to this are shown. |
| Characteristics of arterial blood pressure and blood plasma lipid level in 16-17-year-old high school students in Moscow (based on epidemiological data) Tubol, I. B., A. F. Likov, et al. (1981), Ter Arkh 53(1): 63-6. |
| Characterization of the oligosaccharide alditols from ovarian cyst mucin glycoproteins of blood group A using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high field 1H NMR spectroscopy Dua, V. K., B. N. Rao, et al. (1986), J Biol Chem 261(4): 1599-608. Abstract: A combination of reverse phase and normal phase high pressure liquid chromatography has been used to separate the reduced oligosaccharides produced by alkaline borohydride degradation of a blood group A ovarian cyst mucin glycoproteins. Fourteen compounds, ranging in size from a monosaccharide to a decasaccharide, have been isolated preparatively using a Zorbax C-18 reverse phase column eluted with water and a MicroPak AX-5 normal phase column eluted with aqueous acetonitrile. The purity of the products and their structures were determined from the fully assigned high field proton NMR spectra. The resonances of exchangeable amide protons, observed by the Redfield selective pulse sequence in H2O, were assigned by decoupling to the resonances of H2 of the 2-acetamido sugars. Nuclear Overhauser effects were used to establish the relationship of the anomeric protons and those of the aglycone. In exception to earlier proposals that nuclear Overhauser effect on irradiation of the anomeric proton should always be observed at the proton attached to the aglycone carbon, we find that for the linkage of GalNAcp(1----3)Gal, nuclear Overhauser effect on irradiation of the alpha-anomeric proton resonance is observed not at H3 but at H4 of galactose. A combination of NMR methods and enzymatic degradation was employed to determine the structures of 13 different oligosaccharides of which seven have not previously been reported. These oligosaccharides, which terminate with beta-Gal, alpha-Fuc, beta-GlcNAc, and alpha-GalNAc, account for 75% of the total glycoprotein carbohydrate, the remainder being isolated as a mixture of glycopeptides and a high molecular weight polysaccharide whose NMR spectrum implies a simple repeating subunit structure closely related to that of the oligosaccharides. |
| Childhood high blood pressure: a new emphasis Heavenrich, R. M. and T. J. Cinque (1977), Pediatr Ann 6(6): 363-8. |
| Childhood precursors of high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol Labarthe, D. R., M. Eissa, et al. (1991), Annu Rev Public Health 12: 519-41. |
| Childhood predictors for high adult blood pressure. The Muscatine Study Lauer, R. M., W. R. Clarke, et al. (1993), Pediatr Clin North Am 40(1): 23-40. Abstract: In adult populations, elevated blood pressure is related to the development of stroke, renal disease, and occlusive atherosclerosis. The significance of blood pressure levels in childhood, unless extremely elevated, has not been related to disease outcomes. In a study carried out in Muscatine, Iowa, the risk of high blood pressure in young adult life was evaluated based on the observations of blood pressure and other factors made during the school-aged years. Subjects, 2445 in number, were first observed at ages 7 through 18 years and again between 20 and 30 years. During childhood, measurements of blood pressure, height, and weight were made on alternate years. At adult ages, the same measurements were again made and a health questionnaire was administered. Adult blood pressure was correlated with childhood blood pressure, body size, and change in ponderosity from childhood to adult life. Adult ponderosity was related to childhood ponderosity, and those who were most obese as adults showed the greatest increase in weight from their childhood years. These observations suggest that strategies to prevent the acquisition of excess ponderosity during childhood may be useful in preventing adult hypertension. |
| Childhood predictors of high blood pressure Mahoney, L. T., W. R. Clarke, et al. (1991), Am J Hypertens 4(11): 608S-610S. Abstract: Longitudinal studies in children have tracked blood pressure through childhood and from childhood into adult life. However, many children do not maintain their rank during these periods of observation. Several of the factors contributing to maintenance of rank order are reviewed, such as initial level of blood pressure, body size, sexual maturation, and family history of high blood pressure. Children with initially high level of blood pressure are more likely to become adults with high blood pressure, particularly if they are obese as children or become obese as young adults, and if they have a positive family history for hypertension. |
| Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: the Muscatine Study Lauer, R. M. and W. R. Clarke (1989), Pediatrics 84(4): 633-41. Abstract: In adult populations, elevated blood pressure is related to the development of occlusive atherosclerosis, stroke, and renal disease. The significance of blood pressure levels in childhood, unless extremely elevated, has not been related to disease outcomes. In this study, the risk of high blood pressure in young adult life is evaluated based on the observations of blood pressure and other factors made during the school-aged years. Subjects, 2445 in number, were first observed at ages 7 through 18 years and again between 20 and 30 years. During childhood, measurements of blood pressure, height, and weight were made in alternate years. At adult ages, the same measurements were again made and a health questionnaire was administered. According to the data, adult blood pressure is correlated with childhood blood pressure, body size, and change in ponderosity from childhood to adult life. Adult ponderosity is related to childhood ponderosity, and those who are most obese as adults show the greatest increase in weight for height from their childhood years. These observations suggest that strategies to prevent the acquisition of excess ponderosity during adolescence may be useful in preventing adult hypertension. |
| Children can have high blood pressure, too Greenfield, D., R. Grant, et al. (1976), Am J Nurs 76(5): 770-2. |
| Chlorothiazide in treatment of high blood-pressure. Results of a controlled trial Juel-Jensen, B. E. and M. A. Pears (1960), Br Med J No 5172: 523-7. |
| Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and cholesterol/HDL-ratio versus arterial blood pressure Agner, E., H. I. Morck, et al. (1981), Acta Med Scand Suppl 646: 25-30. Abstract: In a cardiovascular survey of 928 men and women aged exactly 30, 40, 50 & 60 years, a correlation between serum cholesterol, cholesterol/HDL-ratio and arterial blood pressure was found. This correlation was indirectly caused by mutual correlations to relative weight and age as a final result found after multiple rank correlation analysis in each sex. HDL was not correlated to arterial blood pressure at all. |
| Chronic administration of tiapamil prevents hemodynamic alterations accompanying development of high blood pressure in hypertensive rats Hefti, F., M. Gerold, et al. (1984), J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 6(6): 1192-200. Abstract: Daily oral administration of tiapamil (2 X 50-2 X 150 mg/kg, for 13 weeks) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of hypertension development, with complete prevention occurring at the highest dose. Tiapamil (2 X 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) also prevented development of high blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate-NaCl hypertensive rats (DOCA). A comparative hemodynamic analysis was carried out on age-matched (17-week-old) control SHR, tiapamil-treated (2 X 150 mg/kg/day, p.o.) SHR, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Tiapamil-treated SHR and WKY had a significantly lower mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance as well as a higher cardiac output than untreated SHR. Vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine as well as to angiotensin I and II were significantly lower in tiapamil-treated than in untreated SHR. By contrast, isoproterenol elicited a fall in blood pressure in all three groups, the extent of which correlated directly with the magnitude of basal blood pressure levels. Tiapamil also caused a concentration-dependent depression of depolarization-induced vasoconstrictor responses in isolated mesenteric and renal arteries from SHR. The results of this study indicate that chronic administration of tiapamil will prevent the development of hypertension in SHR and DOCA rats as well as protect against accompanying hemodynamic alterations. This inhibitory effect on blood vessels that maintain peripheral resistance at elevated levels is a consequence of the vascular-selective calcium entry blocking properties of tiapamil. |
| Chronic control of high blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat by delivery of angiotensin type 1 receptor antisense Iyer, S. N., D. Lu, et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(18): 9960-5. Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the development and establishment of the hypertensive state in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat. Interruption of this system's activity by pharmacological means results in the lowering of blood pressure (BP) and control of hypertension. However, such means are temporary and require the continuous use of drugs for the control of this pathophysiological state. Our objective in this investigation was to determine if a virally mediated gene-transfer approach using angiotensin type 1 receptor antisense (AT1R-AS) could be used to control hypertension on a long-term basis in the SH rat model of human essential hypertension. Injection of viral particles containing AT1R-AS (LNSV-AT1R-AS) in 5-day-old rats resulted in a lowering of BP exclusively in the SH rat and not in the Wistar Kyoto normotensive control. A maximal anti-hypertensive response of 33 +/- 5 mmHg was observed, was maintained throughout development, and still persisted 3 months after administration of LNSV-AT1R-AS. The lowering of BP was associated with the expression of AT1R-AS transcript and decreases in AT1-receptor in many peripheral angiotensin II target tissues such as mesenteric artery, adrenal gland, heart, and kidney. Attenuation of angiotensin II-stimulated physiological actions such as contraction of aortic rings and increase in BP was also observed in the LNSV-AT1R-AS-treated SH rat. These observations show that a single injection of LNSV-AT1R-AS normalizes BP in the SH rat on a long-term basis. They suggest that such a gene-transfer strategy can be successfully used to control the development of hypertension on a permanent basis. |
| Chronic effects of high salt intake and conflict stress on blood pressure in primates. A progress report Turkkan, J. S. and D. S. Goldstein (1991), Integr Physiol Behav Sci 26(4): 269-81. Abstract: The effects of combined behavioral stress and high dietary salt on blood pressure were examined in baboons (N = 4) over the course of 1 year. Either high salt diet (240 mEq Na+/day) or conflict stress were administered for 8 to 16 weeks, followed by high salt intake and stress combined. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased by 8 mmHg during high dietary salt alone, by 4 mmHg during stress alone, and increased further to 14 mmHg above baseline during combined salt and stress. Control baboons (N = 2) had no change in MAP across 47 weeks. The data indicate additive effects of chronic high dietary salt intake and behavioral stress on blood pressure in non-human primates. |