| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Bosentan reduces blood pressure and the target-organ damage induced by a high-fructose diet in rats Cosenzi, A., E. Bernobich, et al. (1999), J Hypertens 17(12 Pt 2): 1843-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rats fed a high-fructose diet develop hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, renal changes similar to those in diabetic rats and left ventricular hypertrophy with deposition of collagen. Bosentan is an antagonist of endothelin receptors. Other authors have demonstrated that bosentan is effective in preventing the increase in blood pressure induced by a high-fructose diet but, until now, the effect of the drug on the target organs has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bosentan is effective, not only in reducing blood pressure, but also in limiting the renal and cardiac changes induced by a high-fructose diet METHODS: Forty Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) male rats were divided into four groups: groups 1 and 2 received a high-fructose diet, groups 3 and 4 received a standard diet for 1 month. Thereafter, the following treatments were administered: group 1, high-fructose diet plus bosentan 100 mg/kg per day; group 2, high-fructose diet plus placebo; group 3, standard diet plus bosentan 100 mg/kg per day; group 4, standard diet plus placebo. After a further 1 month, all animals were killed. A morphometric analysis was performed by examining 100 glomeruli for each animal. Renal deposits of collagen and fibronectin and cardiac deposits of collagen III were measured by means of immunochemistry. RESULTS: By the end of the study, bosentan had completely reversed the increase in blood pressure induced by a high-fructose diet, without modifying the blood pressure in normotensive rats. Moreover, bosentan reduced glomerular hypertrophy and deposits of collagen and fibronectin in the kidney and cardiac deposits of collagen III. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that bosentan not only normalizes blood pressure, but also protects target organs in rats receiving a high-fructose diet. |
| Both high and low blood pressures risk indicators of death in middle-aged males. Isotonic regression of blood pressure on age applied to data from a 13-year prospective study Lindholm, L., J. Lanke, et al. (1985), Acta Med Scand 218(5): 473-80. Abstract: This study was performed to investigate whether a moderately sized population of men (n = 954) living in a geographically defined area could be utilized and give valid results in a 13-year prospective study regarding mortality as a function of blood pressure. Isotonic regression of blood pressure on age was used to define groups of men with low, medium, and high blood pressure. Men aged 40-69 years in both extreme groups showed an excess death risk in comparison with those in the medium group. Thus, mortality appeared to be a U-shaped function of blood pressure in this age group. The mortality ratios of the low and high blood pressure groups vis-a-vis the medium group were higher during the first than during the second half of the observation period. Chronic diseases at the time of the initial examination were more common among men who died in the lowest blood pressure group than among those who died in the medium group. In males aged 70-99 years, blood pressure appeared to be of less importance as a risk indicator of death. |
| Brain blood flow, chlorpromazine (thorazine) and its protective action against the toxicity of O2 at high pressure Bean, J. W. and H. Wagemaker (1960), Am J Physiol 198: 341-5. |
| Brain catecholamines and organ weight of mice genetically selected for high and low blood pressure Schlager, G., R. Freeman, et al. (1979), Experientia 35(1): 67-9. Abstract: Statistically significant differences were found between the high and low genetically selected blood pressure lines for systolic blood pressure, norepinephrine content of whole brain, absolute heart weight, heart to b. wt ratio, kidney weight, kidney to b. wt ratio, and adrenal to b. wt ratio. |
| But, on the other hand: high blood pressure, economics and equity Fein, R. (1977), N Engl J Med 296(13): 751-3. |
| By the way, doctor. I am 87 and have been taking blood pressure medications for years. In the past, side effects were a problem, but for about the last year I've done very well taking valsartan (Diovan) and hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex). Now My blood pressure is about 165/72 mm hg. The top number seems high. One doctor told me that as long as the bottom number is low, I shouldn't be concerned. But I am. My father died from a stroke many years ago, and I'm pretty sure he had high blood pressure Lee, T. H. (2000), Harv Health Lett 25(4): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. I am a 67-year-old woman. I walk three miles five or six times a week and swim for half an hour every day. I take a diuretic for high blood pressure, a calcium supplement, and vitamins C and E. My HDL level is usually over 100, but it was up to 147 in my most recent cholesterol test (my total cholesterol was 223 and my LDL was 68). Should I be celebrating or worried about an unusually high HDL? Komaroff, A. L. (2004), Harv Health Lett 29(11): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. I know someone who lost her sense of taste after years of heavy prescriptions for high blood pressure. Is this a side effect you have to accept, or should my friend's doctor try prescribing a different medication? Is the loss of taste reversible? LeWine, H. (2005), Harv Health Lett 30(8): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. I read in your July 2003 article on eht new blood pressure guidelines with interest because I have high blood pressure. But one thing bothers me about articles on blood pressure: they always seem to talk about blood pressure as if it were the same number all day long. In my case, the systolic pressure can vary by 30 points and the diastolic by 15. So which should you use as your blood pressure reading: the average, the highest, or the lowest? Lee, T. H. (2003), Harv Health Lett 29(1): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. I recently read that Tylenol and anti-inflammatory drugs can cause high blood pressure. This doesn't leave me with many pain relief options. What do you suggest? Robb-Nicholson, C. (2003), Harv Womens Health Watch 10(6): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. I'm 60 years old and have always been told my blood pressure, which is around 130/80, is normal. According to recent medical news, I have a condition called "prehypertension". Do I have high blood pressure or not? And should I be treated for it? Robb-Nicholson, C. (2004), Harv Womens Health Watch 11(5): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. Much is made about high blood pressure, but little is said when it's really low. At what levels are systolic and diastolic readings considered too low? Are there any symptoms? What about treatments? Komaroff, A. L. (2004), Harv Health Lett 29(3): 8. |
| By the way, doctor. My blood pressure is high in my doctor's office, but low when I take it at home on my blood-pressure monitor. My doctor says that I have white-coat hypertension, blood pressure that goes up in a doctor's office. She says it isn't medically dangerous, but can that be true? Lee, T. H. (2000), Harv Health Lett 25(10): 8. |
| By the way, doctor.I have high blood pressure and arthritis, but otherwise am healthy. Recently, my doctor told me that my creatinine level was up to 1.9. Is that high? And is there anything I can do to lower it? Lee, T. H. (2002), Harv Health Lett 27(7): 8. |
| By the way, doctor.I have hypertension, and I take a beta blocker called atenolol and an ACE inhibitor every morning. But I find that my blood pressure is high when I first get up. As the day goes on, my pressure falls. It seems like it's always pretty good by the time I see my doctor, so she thinks everything is fine. But the high numbers worry me. Should I be on another drug? Lee, T. H. (2001), Harv Health Lett 26(5): 8. |
| Cadmium-induced nephropathy in the development of high blood pressure Satarug, S., M. Nishijo, et al. (2005), Toxicol Lett 157(1): 57-68. Abstract: In recognition of a central role of the kidney in long-term blood pressure control, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the relationship between blood pressure and kidney damage caused by environmental exposure to the common pollutants cadmium and lead. The subjects were 200 healthy Thais, 16 and 60 years of age (100 female non-smokers, 53 male non-smokers, and 47 male smokers). None of these subjects had been exposed to Cd or Pb in the workplace and their urinary Cd concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 37 nM, whereas their urinary Pb concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 30 nM. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 2%, 8% and 19%, respectively in subjects with low, average and high Cd-burden (linear trend chi2=6.4, P=0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between Cd-burden and blood pressure in male non-smokers (adjusted beta=0.31, P=0.02) and an inverse association between blood pressure and urinary Pb excretion rate in male smokers (adjusted beta=-0.38, P=0.005). Associations between Cd-burden and nephropathies were evidenced by increases in urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin (P=0.02) and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (P=0.005) in subjects with high Cd-burden, compared with the subjects with average Cd-burden. In addition, an association between Cd-related nephropathy and high blood pressure was evidenced by a 20% increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure in people with NAG-uria (linear trend chi2=4.3, P=0.04). Our present study provides first evidence for a possible link between renal tubular damage and dysfunction caused by environmental Cd exposure and increased risk of high blood pressure. |
| Calcified renal artery aneurism and high blood pressure. A case report and review of the literature Romero-Teran, O., L. M. Torres-Contreras, et al. (2004), Cir Cir 72(3): 217-20. Abstract: Renal artery aneurysm is a rare disease in children and usually is due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Clinical symptoms are frequently high blood pressure, abdominal pain, and hematuria. Diagnosis is carried out by means of angiography. We report the case of a 13-year-old male patient who had renovascular hypertension due to calcification and aneurysm of fibromuscular dysplasia-associated renal artery. We carried out total nephrectomy to resolve high blood pressure. We suggested that presence of discreet calcification in region of renal artery in a boy with renovascular high blood pressure should guide us toward diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia-related renal artery aneurysm. |
| Calcium antagonism and ACE inhibition. Two outstandingly effective means of interference with cardiovascular calcium overload, high blood pressure, and arteriosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats Fleckenstein, A., G. Fleckenstein-Grun, et al. (1989), Am J Hypertens 2(3 Pt 1): 194-204. |
| Calcium antagonist nifedipine normalizes high blood pressure and prevents mortality in salt-loaded ds substrain of Dahl rats Garthoff, B. and S. Kazda (1981), Eur J Pharmacol 74(1): 111-2. |
| Calcium antagonists in the treatment of high blood pressure Spieker, C., W. Zidek, et al. (1987), Dtsch Med Wochenschr 112(49): 1908-9. |
| Calcium channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of high blood pressure Koster, M. (1986), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 130(34): 1509-13. |
| Calcium entry blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme antagonists in the treatment of high blood pressure Bergmans, R. J. and C. N. Verboom (1986), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 130(43): 1954. |
| Can high blood pressure alone increase erythrocytic intracellular sodium concentration? Matsuura, H., T. Oshima, et al. (1992), Jpn Circ J 56(12): 1234-8. Abstract: In order to clarify the direct effects of high blood pressure on erythrocytic intracellular sodium concentration (Na+i) and sodium transport systems, a static pressure of 2.5 atm was applied to whole blood in plastic syringes at room temperature for 5 and 24 h. In the control samples, 5 h incubation under atmospheric pressure produced a significant decrease in ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K+ pump activity and plasma pH, but no change in other parameters. After 24 h incubation, Na+i and mean corpuscular volume were significantly increased and intracellular potassium concentration, ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K+ pump activity, and plasma pH were decreased. The change in Na+i during incubation under atmospheric pressure may be due to the increased permeability of the cell membrane and the decrease in ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K+ pump activity. The pressure load did not increase erythrocytic Na+i but did decrease it relative to the control. The pressure load had no apparent effects on sodium transport systems, mean corpuscular volume and pH of plasma relative to the control. Although the mechanisms of the effect of pressure load on Na+i were not determined, we did find that high blood pressure alone was unable to increase erythrocytic Na+i. |
| Can high blood pressure mask severe aortic stenosis? Chambers, J. (1999), J Heart Valve Dis 8(3): 277-8. |
| Canadian Consensus Conference on Nonpharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure: postconference initiatives Chockalingam, A. (1990), J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 16 Suppl 8: S51-3. Abstract: Following the Canadian Consensus Conference on Nonpharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure. March 1989, the Coalition through its member organizations, launched a number of initiatives stemming from the conference. The Coalition achieved a unified document acceptable to all levels of the health profession for nonpharmacological approaches to hypertension, which will be the very first approach prior to treatment with drugs. The information dissemination was successfully carried out. With the cooperation of all member organizations the Coalition is hopeful of executing its future planned strategies for successful intervention of nonpharmacological approaches to the treatment of high blood pressure. |
| Canadian Consensus Conference on Nonpharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure: recommendations Laidlaw, J. C. and A. Chockalingam (1990), J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 16 Suppl 8: S48-50. Abstract: The issue of nondrug treatment, either as a sole or an adjunct therapy in combination with a drug treatment for high blood pressure (BP), is controversial. In an attempt to resolve controversies and to arrive at a consensus, the Canadian Consensus Conference on Nonpharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure was convened in March 1989 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. State-of-the-art information on seven key nonpharmacological issues about body weight, alcohol, salt, potassium and calcium intake, physical exercise, and relaxation were reviewed, and a multidisciplinary consensus panel arrived at recommendations aimed at those members of the general public who are normotensive, those with high BP, health professionals, and, in some cases, the government and the food industry. This panel also suggested further studies in each of the topic areas. |
| Canadian national high blood pressure prevention and control strategy Chockalingam, A., N. Campbell, et al. (2000), Can J Cardiol 16(9): 1087-93. Abstract: Despite major efforts to prevent and control high blood pressure, it is one of the most common and important health problems facing Canadians. To address this issue, Health Canada, in collaboration with the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, established an Expert Working Group to prepare a national strategy. The present report outlines a strategy to prevent and control high blood pressure. It is directed at policy makers at the local, provincial, and/or territorial and national levels in both the health and nonhealth sectors. The strategy is based on current research and expertise. A multifaceted, comprehensive approach is proposed because there is no one intervention that will accomplish the goal of improving the health of Canadians through high blood pressure prevention and control. The present report focuses on the general population. It does not address the unique needs of children, pregnant women or aboriginal peoples. Each of these groups needs to be studied in its own right, and, in particular, with the involvement of aboriginal people themselves. An implementation committee has been established to realize this strategy, and the Canadian Hypertension Society is a key stakeholder in this effort. Several initiatives are underway. Strong advocates are necessary to increase public awareness and to support the system changes required for a successful public health approach to reduce the prevalence of hypertension and its complications. |
| Capillary thinning and high capillary blood-pressure in hypertension Landau, J. and E. Davis (1957), Lancet 272(6983): 1327-30. |
| Cardiac protection as priority strategy of cardiovascular prevention in high blood pressure. Barrios Alonso, V., A. Calderon Montero, et al. (2005), Rev Clin Esp 205(9): 433-8. Abstract: Cardiac complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality related with HBP in our setting and entail first magnitude human and social-health care consequences. Although the incidence of ACVA has decreased in recent decades, this has not occurred with the same intensity for cardiac complications, probably due to their multifactorial origin. Left ventricular hypertrophy, main etiologic responsible factor of hypertensive heart disease that includes heart failure, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias and sudden death are found as nuclear element of the cardiac disease. Consequently, the magnitude, etiological diversity, vulnerability and social- health care implications grant the intervention on cardiac protection a priority role in the management of HBP and its complications. |
| Cardiac status after four years in a trial on nutritional therapy for high blood pressure Stamler, R., R. H. Grimm, Jr., et al. (1989), Arch Intern Med 149(3): 661-5. Abstract: A randomized controlled trial demonstrated the ability of nutritional intervention in place of antihypertensive drugs to maintain blood pressure at normal levels for four years in 39% of less severely hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was previously well controlled by pharmacologic treatment. However, average blood pressures during the trial for patients in the intervention group were higher than those for a comparison group that continued to receive drug therapy throughout the study. Holter monitoring, echocardiography, roentgenography, and electrocardiography done at four years to determine whether blood pressure differences between groups were associated with differences in cardiac status did not indicate any differences in cardiac status favorable to one group compared with the other. Further investigation in larger samples is needed to assess any long-term differences in cardiac status based on such alternate therapies. |
| Cardiac status of adolescents tracking with high and low blood pressure since early childhood Sinaiko, A. R., J. Bass, et al. (1986), J Hypertens Suppl 4(5): S378-80. Abstract: The risk of cardiovascular disease for children in the upper percentiles of the blood pressure distribution for age has not been determined. In this study echocardiographic evaluation was conducted at age 15 years in eight children tracking in the 89 +/- percentile for systolic blood pressure since age 8 years, and compared with nine children tracking in the 28 +/- 3 percentile over the same period. No significant differences were observed for left ventricular size, septal or posterior wall thickness or relative wall thickness using raw data, after adjustment for body mass index or after regression analysis using systolic blood pressure as the dependent variable. In contrast, stroke volume, cardiac output and left ventricular fractional shortening were greater in the high blood pressure group after adjustment for body mass index (P = 0.006, 0.075 and 0.08, respectively). These results suggest that changes consistent with previously reported findings in adults with essential hypertension (i.e. and increase in cardiac performance with normal peripheral resistance) are also early findings in adolescents tracking with high blood pressure. |
| Cardiovascular autonomic regulation in subjects with normal blood pressure, high-normal blood pressure and recent-onset hypertension Prakash, E. S., Madanmohan, et al. (2005), Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 32(5-6): 488-94. Abstract: 1. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in recent-onset hypertension and that pressor responses to standard autonomic reflex tests are not any different in hypertensives compared with normotensives. We also hypothesized that subjects with high-normal blood pressure (BP) would be distinguishable from normotensives on the basis of short-term HRV indices. 2. Three groups of subjects, each consisting of 15 men and 10 women, were examined. The first group consisted of subjects with recent-onset hypertension who were not taking antihypertensive medication (mean (+/-SD) age 50 +/- 12 years; BP >/= 140/90 mmHg), the second group consisted of subjects with high-normal BP (mean age 46 +/- 13 years; BP 130-139/85-89 mmHg) and the third group consisted of subjects with normal BP (mean age 48 +/- 12 years; BP < 120/80 mmHg). The aim was to characterize the autonomic state in each group. 3. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), indices of short-term HRV during supine rest and quiet standing, HR variation during timed deep breathing (HRVdb) and pressor responses to the cold pressor test and sustained isometric handgrip were compared between the groups. 4. Although the three groups were comparable (P > 0.1) in terms of mean HR and low-frequency (LF) power expressed in normalized units at rest and during quiet standing, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) during supine rest, LF and high-frequency spectral powers during supine rest and HRVdb were lowest in hypertensives (P |
| Cardiovascular consequences and management of high-normal blood pressure--more work needs to be done Hedner, T., A. Himmelmann, et al. (2001), Blood Press 10(4): 188-9. |
| Cardiovascular hyperactivity in patients with family history of high blood pressure Benet Rodriguez, M. and J. J. Apollinaire Penneni (2004), Med Clin (Barc) 123(19): 726-30. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The association between family history of essential high blood pressure (FH of HBP) and the cardiovascular hyperactivity to the isometric exercise is not well known; that is why the aim of this study was to describe this relation and to determine whether it is independent of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We carried out a correlational descriptive study with a sample of 1855 people of both sexes between 18 and 70 years of age. The cardiovascular hyperactivity, expression of the cardiovascular response to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), was determined by means of the test of the sustained weight (TSW). Comparisons of the values of cardiovascular reactivity were developed between individuals with and without FH of HBP and a model of logistical regression. The level of statistical significance was 95%. RESULTS: The arterial blood pressure at the end of the TSW was higher in individuals with FH of HBP independently of the age group. The cardiovascular hyperactivity, measured by means of they systolic index of cardiovascular reactivity, was also significantly higher in subjects with FH of HBP. Finally, individuals with FH of HBP showed a higher risk (more than 5 times) of having cardiovascular hyperactivity (OR = 5.16; CI 95%, 3.51-7.59), this association being independent of other cardiovascular factors of risk. CONCLUSIONS: The FH of HBP is independently related to the cardiovascular hyperactivity, to the isometric exercise, of other cardiovascular risks factors. These elements help explain the relationship between cardiovascular hyperactivity, the activity of SNS and essential high blood pressure, at least in an important group of people. |
| Cardiovascular outcomes of treating high blood pressure Weber, M. A. (1987), Am Heart J 114(4 Pt 2): 964-71. Abstract: Because hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it has been anticipated that therapeutic reduction of blood pressure would protect patients from serious complications. In fact, this has been shown for strokes, congestive heart failure, and renal insufficiency. But in large trials of hypertension treatment, patients receiving active medications experienced an incidence of coronary events that averaged only 7% lower than that in placebo-treated patients. This report examines some of the reasons for this disappointing outcome. During therapeutic trials patients receiving placebo tended to have fewer cardiovascular events than predicted. However, patients on active therapy in large-scale studies may have suboptimal blood pressure control. They may also be exposed to the adverse effects of inappropriate therapy. Careful selection of modern drugs should allow blood pressure to be controlled in a safe manner, and possibly contribute directly to protection from coronary events and other cardiovascular complications. |
| Cardiovascular perspectives of reducing high blood pressure Birkenhager, W. H. and P. W. de Leeuw (1989), Neth J Med 34(5-6): 229-32. |
| Cardiovascular response to blood loss during high intracranial pressure Kirkeby, O. J., I. R. Rise, et al. (1995), J Neurosurg 83(6): 1067-71. Abstract: The authors hypothesized that the combination of hemorrhage and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) has deleterious effects on cardiovascular function. The effect of blood loss during normal and increased ICP was studied in eight pigs. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure were measured. The regional tissue blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres labeled with four different nuclides. High ICP (80% of MAP) was induced by infusion of artificial CSF into the cisterna magna. The response to rapid arterial bleeding of 25% of blood volume was measured. The decrease in blood flow to the intestine, skeletal muscle, and the kidneys after blood loss was significantly greater during high ICP. The decrease in blood flow to the spleen and pancreas tended to be greater during high ICP, whereas the changes in blood flow to the liver, adrenal glands, and heart muscle showed no such tendency. The fall in cardiac output and heart stroke volume after blood loss were more pronounced when the ICP was high, and the increase in systemic vascular resistance was considerably greater. These observations suggest that during high ICP the physiological protective mechanisms against blood loss are impaired in the systemic circulation, and a loss of 25% of the blood volume, normally well compensated for, may induce a state of shock. |
| Cardiovascular risks in a military health care beneficiary population with high blood pressure Duong, D. N., K. K. Smith, et al. (2004), Mil Med 169(10): 777-80. Abstract: Prevention strategies for coronary artery disease among hypertensive patients require assessment of other modifiable risk factors in the target population. In this article, we describe the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors in military beneficiaries with high blood pressure (HBP). Baseline data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial designed to test effectiveness of a comprehensive HBP intervention are used in the analysis. A total of 147 beneficiaries from a military health system participated in this study. Findings indicate that the rate of HBP control in this sample was suboptimal (32%: blood pressure < 140/90). Other prevalent cardiovascular risk factors include high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. Many of these patients (31.3%) are also in the moderate-to-high danger level of developing coronary artery disease in the near future. These findings warrant a regular assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and rigorous behavioral interventions for all beneficiaries of the military health care system. |
| Caring for older patients with high blood pressure Burris, J. F. (1991), Am Fam Physician 44(1): 137-44. Abstract: Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is common in older patients. Optimal selection of antihypertensive therapy in the elderly requires consideration of the unique risks, physiology and concomitant illnesses in this age group. Since the U.S. population is aging rapidly, appropriate management of hypertension in older patients is likely to remain an important concern. |
| Castration lowers and testosterone restores blood pressure in several rat strains on high sodium diets Jenkins, C., R. Salisbury, et al. (1994), Clin Exp Hypertens 16(5): 611-25. Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a high sodium diet and prepubertal castration (5-6 weeks) and androgen replacement therapy on blood pressure in male normotensive, borderline hypertensive and hypertensive rats on a high sodium diet between 9-22 weeks of age. The strains used were: Wistar Kyoto-(WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rat-(SHR), and borderline hypertensive rat-(BHR). Castration significantly reduced blood pressure (20-30 mmHg) and testosterone replacement in castrated males restored blood pressure in all strains. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) increased with castration in the WKY and SHR strains but decreased in the BHR. However, there was a significant elevation in all strains between the midpoint and endpoint NE values. The high sodium diet did not prevent the blood pressure lowering effect of castration. |