| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
| First Page | Previous Page | Next Page | Last Page |
| Prenatal high salt diet increases blood pressure and salt retention in the spontaneously hypertensive rat Nicolantonio, R. D., S. Spargo, et al. (1987), Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 14(3): 233-5. Abstract: 1. An examination was made of the effect of prenatal, high salt (5% w/w) and low salt (0.1% w/w) diet on the blood pressure and ability to excrete a salt load of mature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto strain maintained on normal salt (0.8% w/w) diet after weaning. 2. Prenatal high salt diet resulted in a significant exacerbation of the hypertension of 4 month old SHR when compared with animals given prenatal low salt diet. 3. Three month old SHR given prenatal, high salt diet exhibited a significantly reduced Na+ excretion following a single, oral salt load (150 mmol/l, 1% bodyweight) when compared with the low salt group. 4. Thus, prenatal, high salt diet may influence body fluid homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals later in life. |
| Presence of Alchemilla alpina L. together with Alchemilla vulgaris L. in a tea for high blood pressure. Nihoul-Ghenne, L. (1950), J Pharm Belg 5(11-12): 335-8. |
| Pressoreceptors of the aorta in high blood pressure produced by drugs and aortic clamp. Marguth, H., F. Marguth, et al. (1951), Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 87(1-2): 17-32. |
| Pretransplant hypertension as the main determinant of postrenal transplant high blood pressure Manfro, R. C., F. S. Thome, et al. (1992), Transplant Proc 24(6): 3080-1. |
| Prevalence and concomitance of high blood pressure in Italian obese children Genovesi, S., M. Giussani, et al. (2005), J Hypertens 23(8): 1607. |
| Prevalence and concomitance of high blood pressure in Italian obese children Invitti, C., L. Gilardini, et al. (2005), J Hypertens 23(8): 1605-6; author reply 1607. |
| Prevalence and factors associated with high blood pressure in Korean Americans Kim, M. T., K. B. Kim, et al. (2000), Ethn Dis 10(3): 364-74. Abstract: This study, conducted from October 1998 to February 1999, included a cross-sectional epidemiological survey administered to Korean Americans (KAs) living in Maryland (N = 761). One third (32%) of participants had high blood pressure (HPB: SBP > or = 140 mm Hg and/or DBP > or = 90 mm Hg or were on hypertension medication). HBP was more common among males (35%) than females (30%) and those who were aged 50 years or older (53%) compared to those who were less than 50 years old (12%). The prevalence of HBP in Maryland KAs was found to be much higher than in other Americans (24%) and in their counterparts in Korea (22% overall: 29% in males, 11% in females). Only 40% of the hypertensive KAs were taking HBP medication, and 74% of those did not have controlled HBPs. Further, multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to estimate the relative biobehavioral risk factors related to hypertension. Several significant risk factors were identified, including family history of HBP, gender, level of education, level of acculturation, regular exercise, and being overweight. Findings from this study indicate that culturally relevant approaches to prevention and treatment of HBP are urgently needed to address the HBP problem in Korean Americans. |
| Prevalence of "significant" hypertension in junior high school-aged children: the Children and Adolescent Blood Pressure Program Sinaiko, A. R., O. Gomez-Marin, et al. (1989), J Pediatr 114(4 Pt 1): 664-9. Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) data obtained during a BP screening program were analyzed to determine the prevalence of "significant" hypertension, defined by the Second National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children-1987 as the level of BP above which medical evaluation and intervention are recommended. In 14,686 black and white St. Paul and Minneapolis schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 years, BP was measured twice during an initial screening examination. Children with systolic BP in the upper 30 percentiles of distribution after the initial screening had their BP remeasured two additional times at a rescreening examination. The prevalence of significant hypertension was determined according to BP criteria established by the Task Force report. After the two screening BP measurements were averaged, significant systolic hypertension was found in 1.0%, significant diastolic hypertension in 3.5%, and significant systolic or diastolic hypertension, or both, in 4.2% of the students. After the rescreening examination, the percentage of students remaining with significant hypertension was reduced to 0.3% for systolic, 0.8% for diastolic, and 1.1% for systolic or diastolic hypertension, or both. These results show that significant hypertension is uncommon in pre-high-school students and confirm the need for repeated BP measurements to make an accurate diagnosis of hypertension. However, the results should not detract from current recommendations to monitor BP in children on a yearly basis to detect longitudinal BP tracking patterns that may be consistent with early essential hypertension. |
| Prevalence of elevated blood pressure in a village community with a high incidence of toxemia of pregnancy Czaczkes, J. W., R. Prywes, et al. (1977), Isr J Med Sci 13(12): 1147-50. Abstract: Blood pressure measurements were recorded in 95% of the men and 97% of the women aged 30 to 59 years in a small Israeli village populated by Jews of Kurdish origin and in which a high incidence of toxemia of pregnancy was previously observed. The prevalence of hypertension in the men, as well as in the women, was significantly higher in all age groups studied than in a sample of the general population. These findings support the hypothesis that toxemia of pregnancy is an expression of a preexisting hypertensive state rather than an etiological factor in the development of later hypertension in women. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure and associated coronary risk factors in an adult population of Mexico City Yamamoto-Kimura, L., J. Zamora-Gonzalez, et al. (1998), Arch Med Res 29(4): 341-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have addressed arterial hypertension prevalence in Mexico. However, few include an analysis of other types of hypertension and their associated risk factors. The present work describes the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and diastolic hypertension (DH) and their association to certain risk factors of cardiovascular disease in an adult population of Mexico City. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 825 subjects aged between 20 and 90 years, selected by multistage cluster sampling. HBP was diagnosed by previous history if systolic blood pressure was > or = 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg. The measurements taken included body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, levels of insulin, glucose, trigylycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a). RESULTS: Prevalence adjusted by age for HBP was 19.4%, for ISH, 4.7%, and for DH, 4.1%. Age had an important influence on HBP and ISH with a highly significant X2t. The profile of metabolic variables was modified according to sex and type of hypertension. Thus, in DH, metabolic variables were more affected than in other types of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Results in HBP prevalence in the present study were lower than in other surveys performed in Mexico. It must be noted, however, that much care should be taken to choose the strategy of subject selection, since results of the prevalence of a disease depend on it to a great extent. The ISH and DH and their association to risk factors must be studied thoroughly because they constitute different clinical entities. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) Coresh, J., G. L. Wei, et al. (2001), Arch Intern Med 161(9): 1207-16. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease in the United States are increasing, but milder renal disease is much more common and may often go undiagnosed and undertreated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the US population was conducted using 16 589 adult participants aged 17 years and older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted from 1988 to 1994. An elevated serum creatinine level was defined as 141 micromol/L or higher (>/=1.6 mg/dL) for men and 124 micromol/L or higher (>/=1.4 mg/dL) for women (>99th percentile for healthy young adults) and was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, presence of hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, older age, and diabetes mellitus were all associated with higher serum creatinine levels. An estimated 3.0% (5.6 million) of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population had elevated serum creatinine levels, 70% of whom were hypertensive. Among hypertensive individuals with an elevated serum creatinine level, 75% received treatment. However, only 11% of all individuals with hypertension had their blood pressure reduced to lower than 130/85 mm Hg (the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommendation for hypertensive individuals with renal disease); 27% had a blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg. Treated hypertensive individuals with an elevated creatinine level had a mean blood pressure of 147/77 mm Hg, 48% of whom were prescribed one antihypertensive medication. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum creatinine level, an indicator of chronic renal disease, is common and strongly related to inadequate treatment of high blood pressure. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in a rural area. Results of the Traunstein Blood Pressure Study Fichter, M. M. and S. Weyerer (1982), MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 124(35): 753-6. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in a sample of residents of the city of Plzen Simon, J., R. Barcal, et al. (1969), Vnitr Lek 15(8): 729-35. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in children and adolescents from the city of Maceio, Brazil Moura, A. A., M. A. Silva, et al. (2004), J Pediatr (Rio J) 80(1): 35-40. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the prevalence of high blood pressure in a representative sample of children and adolescents from the city of Maceio, state of Alagoas, Brazil, and to investigate the association of high blood pressure with age, sex and nutritional status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2000 to September 2002. Individuals between 7 and 17 years of age were selected among all the 185,702 students from public and private schools. The size of the sample was defined based on the expected prevalence of hypertension for the age group. After randomization, data were collected through a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured twice. Weight and height were also measured. High blood pressure was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure over the 95th percentile in one or in both measures. RESULTS: The final sample included 1,253 students (706 females). One hundred and eighteen students had high blood pressure (mean age 13 years; 44% males). Risk of being overweight and excess weight were identified, respectively, in 9.3 and 4.5% of the students. These variables were significantly associated with high blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of high blood pressure was 9.4%. High blood pressure was significantly more frequent among overweight students and among those at risk for being overweight. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Influence of obesity Macedo, M. E., D. Trigueiros, et al. (1997), Rev Port Cardiol 16(1): 27-30, 7-8. Abstract: Obesity is associated with high blood pressure BP, mainly in adults. It has been suggested that body fat patterning plays a role in the etiology of hypertension. This relationship also exists in children, however it is less well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in children and adolescents, and the influence of obesity on this population, as well as the presence of familial aggregation for these factors. Eight hundred and eighty-nine children (389 boys and 500 girls aged 5-18 years) and their parents, from the North of Portugal were studied. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, triceps skinfold, body mass index and sexual maturation were measured. The criterion of high blood pressure was defined as the BP being higher than the 90th percentile. All variables were converted to age and sex in specific "Z-scores". A SPSS package was used. We found 47 (5.2%) people of both sexes to have high blood pressure. The children of this group were compared with the normotensive group. These children were heavier (p < 0.005) and more obese (p < 0.0001) than the others. No difference was found for sexual maturation or height. The parents of the group with high blood pressure were heavier (p < 0.001) and more obese (p < 0.01) than the parents of the normotensive group. In conclusion, obesity is an important factor in children with higher values. Children with HBP are more likely to come from families with history of obesity. The identification of these risk factors in children is an important contribution to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Influence of obesity Santiago, L. M. (1999), Rev Port Cardiol 18(10): 971-2. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in patients submitted to liver transplantation at the ISCMPA Marroni, C. A., J. L. Diehl, et al. (1999), Transplant Proc 31(7): 3047. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in Qashqai Tribe, Southern Iran, 1973 Motabar, M., A. Reiss-Sadat, et al. (1977), Acta Med Iran 20(1-2): 9-17. Abstract: On the basis cross sectional health and morbidity survey was conducted in 1973, an attempt was made to measure the prevalence of high blood pressure among Qashqai Tribe. Our study showed that hypertension is by no means a rare condition among nomads and it tends to be a little higher in women than in men age group 35 years and over. Our figures showed that the pattern of increase of prevalence of high blood pressure with the increase of age. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure in Vorden Thissen, P. A. (1980), J R Coll Gen Pract Occas Pap(12): 15-6. |
| Prevalence of high blood pressure treated and untreated in an urban adult New Zealand population: Napier 1973 Christmas, B. W. and A. S. Turner (1977), N Z Med J 86(599): 419-23. Abstract: The prevalence of hypertensive levels of blood pressure was investigated in a random sample of 2535 adults in Napier in 1973. More than 70 percent of all persons examined had been measured for blood pressure within the previous five years. A retrospective analysis of results using the WHO classification indicated that 16.4 percent of the adult population had a mean systolic pressure of not less than 160mmHg or mean diastolic pressure of not less than 95mmHg. One third of the hypertensive group was receiving treatment and one half of those on therapy were effectively controlled. The total prevalence of treated and untreated hypertensives was estimated to be 20 percent of the survey population. According to the WHO criteria for blood pressure classification 33 percent of those over 60 years were hypertensive. |
| Prevalence of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking among elementary schoolchildren in North Carolina Bradley, C. B., J. S. Harrell, et al. (1997), N C Med J 58(5): 362-7. |
| Prevalence of high normal blood pressure and progression to hypertension in a population sample of La Plata Echeverria, R. F., H. A. Carbajal, et al. (1992), Medicina (B Aires) 52(2): 145-9. Abstract: In 1985 we investigated the prevalence of high normal blood pressure in 6387 inhabitants (range 15-75 years old) of the city of La Plata and its progression to arterial hypertension after four years. High normal blood pressure was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP between 85-89 mmHg (average value of two measurements) on one occasion. Arterial hypertension was defined as a systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg, both as an average of two measurements on two occasions. High normal BP prevalence was 6.62%, being higher in men than in women (p < 0.0005, Table 1). General progression to hypertension was 41.79%, being higher in the older individuals (p < 0.0005). Of the 423 individuals with high normal BP (Table 2), 268 (63.36%) were found in 1989 (Table 3). They had an incidence of hypertension of 10.45% per year, also higher in older subjects (Table 4). There were no differences between sexes. Subjects with high normal BP who subsequently developed hypertension had higher systolic BP in 1985 than those who remained normotensive (p < 0.001, Table 5). Most of them progressed to mild diastolic hypertension (29.48%) or borderline isolated systolic hypertension (6.72%, Fig. 1). In this study, progression to arterial hypertension was higher than that reported in similar studies for general population in other countries. |
| Prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia in patients with high blood pressure Zavaroni, I., S. Mazza, et al. (1992), J Intern Med 231(3): 235-40. Abstract: A total of 41 patients with hypertension were identified in a survey of 732 healthy factory workers. Twenty-three of these individuals were receiving antihypertensive medication, whereas 18 cases were newly discovered. Plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and fasting plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations of these 41 individuals were compared with those of 41 other factor workers, with normal blood pressure, matched with the hypertensive group in terms of gender, age, degree of obesity, job in the factory, and leisure-time activity. Patients with hypertension had significantly higher plasma glucose (P less than 0.05) and insulin (P less than 0.05) concentrations in response to oral glucose, as well as a higher plasma TG concentration (P less than 0.05). Similar findings were obtained when the treated and untreated hypertensive groups were analysed separately and compared with their respective control groups. However, there were no differences between the treated and untreated hypertensive groups. Ninety per cent of the normotensive group had a plasma insulin concentration of less than 500 pmol l-1 2 h after the glucose load. Using this value as the criterion for definition of hyperinsulinaemia, 41% of the patients with high blood pressure were hyperinsulinaemic. In addition to meeting this cut-off point, the patients with hypertension and hyperinsulinaemia were also glucose intolerant and dyslipidaemic. In conclusion, approximately 50% of an unselected group of patients with hypertension were hyperinsulinaemic. Insulin levels were comparable in treated and untreated patients with high blood pressure, and hyperinsulinaemic patients also tended to be glucose intolerant and dyslipidaemic. |
| Prevalence of hypertension in a Mexican population according to the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Gonzalez-Villalpando, C., M. P. Stern, et al. (1999), J Cardiovasc Risk 6(3): 177-81. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension in Mexico represents a challenging public health problem. The National Survey on Chronic Diseases published in 1993 reported that hypertension affects more than 10 million Mexicans. No information has been published regarding the prevalence of hypertension in Mexico using the new diagnostic criteria established by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). METHODS: The Mexico City Diabetes Study is a prospective study designed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in a low-income area. The survey included 941 men and 1341 non-pregnant women aged 35-64 years. Blood pressure measurements were performed using a random zero sphygmomanometer. The diagnostic criteria for hypertension were those recommended by the JNC VI. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of hypertension was 17.2% and 18.1% in men and women, respectively. We found significant associations between hypertension and obesity, body fat distribution, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting and 2-h post-glucose in both sexes, and between hypertension and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides levels in women. In 40% of hypertensive men and 23% of women, hypertension was undiagnosed and untreated. Of the previously diagnosed hypertensive individuals, 38% of men and 30% of women reported not taking antihypertensive medicine. The prevalence++ of associated risk factors in this population is 12.3% for tobacco consumption, 22.4% for diabetes, 49.8% for hypertriglyceridemia and 40.9% for hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension occurs in 18% of this population. There is a high prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated cases. Associated cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent. |
| Prevalence of Self-Reported High Blood Pressure Awareness, Advice Received From Health Professionals, and Actions Taken to Reduce High Blood Pressure Among US Adults-Healthstyles 2002 Ayala, C., L. J. Neff, et al. (2005), J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7(9): 513-9. Abstract: High blood pressure awareness, advice received from health care providers, and adoption of heart-healthy behaviors were assessed using the Healthstyles 2002 survey. About 20% of respondents reported that they had high blood pressure, and 53% of these were currently taking medications to lower blood pressure. Black men had the highest adjusted prevalence of high blood pressure (32%). Medication use among persons with high blood pressure was lower among Hispanics (45%) than among blacks (54%) and whites (54%). Persons reporting having high blood pressure were five times more likely to report having received advice from a health care professional to go on a diet or change eating habits (p<0.05) and reduce salt or sodium in their diet (p<0.05), but five times less likely to have received advice to exercise (p<0.05) than those reporting not having high blood pressure, after adjustment for differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Persons with self-reported high blood pressure were also more likely to be making these modifications (p<0.05). Among people with high blood pressure, current medication use was associated with both receiving and following advice for diet change and salt reduction (p<0.05). Future initiatives are needed to improve the proportion of Hispanics and blacks taking prescribed medications to improve high blood pressure control and reduce risk for serious sequelae such as heart disease and stroke. |
| Prevalence, control and awareness of high blood pressure among Canadian adults. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group Joffres, M. R., P. Hamet, et al. (1992), Cmaj 146(11): 1997-2005. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of elevated blood pressure (BP) among Canadian adults and to determine the level of control, treatment, awareness and prevalence of other risk factors among adults with high BP. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional surveys. SETTING: Nine Canadian provinces, from 1986 to 1990. PARTICIPANTS: A probability sample of 26,293 men and women aged 18 to 74 years was selected from the health insurance registers in each province. For 20,582 subjects, BP was measured at least twice. Nurses administered a standard questionnaire and recorded two BP measurements using a standardized technique. Two further BP readings, anthropometric measurements and a blood specimen for lipid analysis were obtained from those subjects who attended a clinic. OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean values of systolic and diastolic BP, prevalence of elevated BP using different criteria, and prevalence of smoking, elevated blood cholesterol, body mass index, physical activity and presence of diabetes by high BP status are reported. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen percent of men and 13% of women had diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or greater or were on treatment (or both). About 26% of these subjects were unaware of their hypertension, 42% were being treated and their condition controlled, 16% were treated and not controlled, and 16% were neither treated nor controlled. Use of non-pharmacologic treatment of high BP with or without medication was low (22%). Hypertensive subjects showed a higher prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, high body mass index, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle than normotensive subjects. Most people with elevated BP were in the 90 to 95 mm Hg range for diastolic pressure and 140 to 160 mm Hg range for systolic pressure. Prevalence of high isolated systolic BP sharply increased in men (40%) and women (49%) 65 to 74 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low level of control of elevated BP calls for population and individual strategies, stressing a non-pharmacologic approach and addressing isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. |
| Prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension in the French population: data from a survey on high blood pressure in general practice, 1994 Chamontin, B., L. Poggi, et al. (1998), Am J Hypertens 11(6 Pt 1): 759-62. Abstract: A survey was conducted in a cohort of 235 general practitioners (GP) selected by Sofres Medical who were representative of the French medical population, to measure the percentage of patients with hypertension, treated hypertensives and patients with controlled hypertension. Data were collected over 1 week of office consultation. Practitioners were initially instructed to use the same type of mercury sphygmomanometer, equipped with pneumatic cuffs of different sizes. Three consecutive blood pressure (BP) measurements were made and the last two were recorded. Practitioners had to carry out their own survey over a period of 1 week on all patients > 18 years of age who visited their offices. Patients were considered as hypertensive (HP) if the mean of the two recorded BP measurements was > or = 140/90 mm Hg or if they were taking antihypertensive drug treatment. Three cutoff points were used to define controlled hypertension: < 140/90 mm Hg (overall population of HP), < 160/95 mm Hg (HP < 65 years of age), and < 160/90 mm Hg (HP > or = 65 years of age). Among 12,351 patients (mean age, 48.6 years; women, 58%), 5020 were HP, (41%) of whom 2035 were without treatment (41%) and 2985 were receiving antihypertensive drug treatment (59%). Two hundred-thirty patients (4.6%) remained at high risk with moderate or severe hypertension (BP > or = 180 systolic or 105 diastolic mm Hg), ie, 1 patient/week/GP. The study confirms the high prevalence of hypertension in general practice and shows that 7 of 10 patients have an acceptable control of their BP (< 160/95 or < 160/90 mm Hg according to age) but only 24% of treated HP achieved the target of a BP level < 140/90 mm Hg, representing 28% of the 18 to 64 year old group and 21% of the elderly group. French GP did not choose an optimal control, and the medical community is waiting for answers to crucial questions, ie, does optimal BP control significantly improve the absolute cardiovascular risk? How far should blood pressure be lowered? |
| Prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness of high blood pressure and the risk of stroke in Northwest England Du, X. (2000), Prev Med 30(4): 288-94. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness of hypertension in patients with first-ever stroke and in controls sampled from the same primary care physician's population register. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in East Lancashire, England, using cases identified from the stroke register in 1994-1995. Information on blood pressure (BP) and other predefined factors was extracted from the practice medical records. Postal questionnaires were used for information on patients' awareness of hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 267 stroke cases and 534 controls were included. Sixty-one percent of cases and 43% of controls had BP >= 160/95 mm Hg on >= 2 occasions within 3 months or received antihypertensives. High proportions of cases (82%) and controls (85%) were on treatment. There was a continuous relationship between the risk of stroke and levels of BP control. Of 73 cases and 135 controls who were hypertensive and responded to the postal questionnaire, 56 and 83%, respectively, were aware of hypertension (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypertension was high among stroke patients. In those treated, <30% of patients had their BP adequately controlled to <140/90 mm Hg. Patient awareness of previous hypertension or high BP was very poor and attention needs to be paid to patient education. |
| Preventing CHF is goal of National High Blood Pressure Education Program call to action Carter, B. L. and E. J. Roccella (1996), Am J Health Syst Pharm 53(12): 1381, 1384. |
| Preventing hypertension. More Americans than ever before have prehypertension or high blood pressure Alving, B. (2004), AWHONN Lifelines 8(5): 404-5. |
| Prevention and control of high blood pressure: challenges and opportunities Campbell, N. R. and A. Chockalingam (1995), Cmaj 152(12): 1969-70. Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in developed countries and is becoming more common in the developing world. The reduction in incidence of many cardiovascular diseases in the last few decades may be attributed in part to extensive programs to reduce and manage risk factors such as hypertension. Nevertheless, untreated, uncontrolled and undiagnosed hypertension remains a significant concern. Many nations have adopted policies and programs for hypertension control. An international sharing of knowledge and experience could lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and to lower rates of cardiovascular disease. In keeping with Canada's leadership in hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention, Ottawa will host the World Conference on Hypertension Control from June 21 to 24, 1995. This conference will give participants the opportunity to review current programs and develop improved strategies for hypertension control and cardiovascular disease reduction. |
| Prevention of high blood pressure and its complications: strategic issues in a local context Watt, G. C. (1995), J Hypertens 13(4): 377-83. |
| Prevention of high blood pressure by reducing sympathetic innervation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat Brock, J. A., D. F. Van Helden, et al. (1996), J Auton Nerv Syst 61(2): 97-102. Abstract: It has previously been reported that the increase in blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) occurs concurrently with a marked increase in thickness of the arterial wall and an increase in vascular innervation, particularly for the small muscular arteries. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether prevention of the increase in vascular innervation could prevent elevation of blood pressure in the SHR. We found that intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of an antiserum to nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) into young SHRs (postnatal day 19-24) caused a marked reduction in mean blood pressure at age 3-4 months from the raised value of 24.2 +/- 0.5 kPa to 18.9 +/- 0.8 kPa. By comparison, treated Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) maintained normal blood pressures. The treatment reduced the amplitude of the intracellularly recorded excitatory junction potential and the NA content of mesenteric arteries in the SHR, leaving the values similar to those of control WKYs. The NA content of these vessels was also reduced in treated WKYs. Importantly, the thickness of the vessel wall, which was greater in the SHR than the WKY, was not significantly altered by anti-NGF treatment. It is concluded that anti-NGF treatment during late neonatal development inhibits the increase in the functional levels of vascular innervation observed in the SHR. Furthermore, this increase in the functional levels of vascular innervation is necessary for the development of hypertension in this rat strain. |
| Prevention of stroke: should high risk patients be treated with angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors without regard to their blood pressure levels? Kes, P. and V. Basic-Kes (2003), Lijec Vjesn 125(1-2): 43-5. |
| Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Whelton, P. K., J. He, et al. (2002), Jama 288(15): 1882-8. Abstract: The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee published its first statement on the primary prevention of hypertension in 1993. This article updates the 1993 report, using new and further evidence from the scientific literature. Current recommendations for primary prevention of hypertension involve a population-based approach and an intensive targeted strategy focused on individuals at high risk for hypertension. These 2 strategies are complementary and emphasize 6 approaches with proven efficacy for prevention of hypertension: engage in moderate physical activity; maintain normal body weight; limit alcohol consumption; reduce sodium intake; maintain adequate intake of potassium; and consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and reduced in saturated and total fat. Applying these approaches to the general population as a component of public health and clinical practice can help prevent blood pressure from increasing and can help decrease elevated blood pressure levels for those with high normal blood pressure or hypertension. |
| Principles in abscess therapy of high blood pressure. Ossen, W. (1951), Klin Wochenschr 29(25-26): 448-9. |
| Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 9. Blood pressure: normal, borderline, high, necessitating treatment Holzgreve, H. (1980), MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 122(43): suppl 51-5. |
| Problems and possibilities of a continuous therapy of high blood pressure in ambulant practice Nottebaum, H. (1966), Med Welt 43: 2340-2. |
| Problems in treatment of high blood pressure Storm-Mathisen, H. (1974), Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 94(30): 2105. |
| Proceedings of the council for high blood pressure research, 1998 Campbell, W. B. (1999), Hypertension 33(1 Pt 2): 169. |