| For medical practitioners and the general public - High Blood Pressure Journal Article Catalog. |
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| The influence of low-, normal-, and high-carbohydrate meals on blood pressure in elderly patients with postprandial hypotension Vloet, L. C., D. J. Mehagnoul-Schipper, et al. (2001), J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56(12): M744-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is a common and serious disorder of blood pressure (BP) regulation in elderly people. It has been suggested that primarily the carbohydrate (CH) content of a meal induces the BP decrease. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the CH content of meals and postprandial BP responses in elderly patients diagnosed with PPH. METHODS: Twelve geriatric patients (aged 75 to 91 years; 6 men) who were previously diagnosed with PPH received standardized liquid meals with low- (25 g), normal- (65 g), and high- (125 g) CH content in random order on three separate days. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 5 minutes from 20 minutes before until 75 minutes after each meal. Postprandial symptoms were recorded every 15 minutes. RESULTS: The maximum decrease in SBP was significantly smaller after the low-CH meal (-28 +/- 5 mm Hg) than after the normal- (-39 +/- 7 mm Hg) and high-CH meals (-40 +/- 5 mm Hg) (p <.050 between groups). In addition, the duration of PPH was significantly shorter (p <.010), and postprandial symptoms were less frequent and less severe after the low-CH meal. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the CH amount in meals induces significantly smaller decreases in SBP, shorter duration of PPH, and reduction of PPH-related symptoms. Therefore, limiting the CH content of an elderly patient's meal can be a clinically effective nonpharmacological treatment for PPH in elderly patients and can reduce the risk of developing symptomatic PPH. |
| The influence of patient's consciousness regarding high blood pressure and patient's attitude in face of disease controlling medicine intake Strelec, M. A., A. M. Pierin, et al. (2003), Arq Bras Cardiol 81(4): 349-54, 343-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between blood pressure control and the following: the Morisky-Green test, the patient's consciousness regarding high blood pressure, the patient's attitude in face of medicine intake, the patient's attendance at medical consultations, and the subjective physician's judgment. METHODS: We studied 130 hypertensive patients with the following characteristics: 73% females, 60 +/- 11 years, 58% married, 70% white, 45% retired, 45% with incomplete elementary schooling, 64% had a familial income of 1 to 3 minimum wages, body mass index of 30 +/- 7 kg/m, consciousness regarding the disease for a mean period of 11 +/- 9.5 years, and mean treatment duration of 8 +/- 7 years. RESULTS: Only 35% of the hypertensive individuals had blood pressure under control and a longer duration of treatment (10 +/- 7 vs 7 +/- 6.5 years; P<0.05). The retiree predominated. The result of the Morisky-Green test did not relate to blood pressure control. In evaluating the attitude in face of medicine intake, the controlled patients achieved significantly higher scores than did the noncontrolled patients (8 +/- 1.9 vs 7 +/- 2, P<0.05). The hypertensive patients had higher levels of consciousness regarding their disease and its treatment, and most (70%) patients attended 3 or 4 medical consultations, which did not influence blood pressure control. The physicians attributed significantly higher scores regarding adherence to treatment to controlled patients (6 +/- 0.8 vs 5 +/- 1.2; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Consciousness regarding the disease, the Morisky-Green test, and attendance to medical consultations did not influence blood pressure control. |
| The interrelationship between sodium intake, membrane sodium transport and high blood pressure Morgan, T. O., W. Fitzgibbon, et al. (1984), Neth J Med 27(4): 101-4. |
| The intra-ocular circulation in arteriosclerosis and high blood-pressure Healy, J. J. (1957), Trans Opthal Soc U K 77: 3-30. |
| The investigation and treatment of high blood pressure Chisholm, R. (1951), N Z Med J 50(276): 114-8. |
| The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: let their silence not be matched by the silence of the ordinary physician Silverberg, D., A. Oksenberg, et al. (1998), Arch Intern Med 158(11): 1272-3. |
| The kidney and high blood pressure Grobin, W. (1959), Can Med Assoc J 81: 1024-5. |
| The local blood supply of the brain in guinea pigs during the development of the high-pressure nervous syndrome Zhiliaev, S., D. N. Atochin, et al. (1992), Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 78(3): 50-7. Abstract: Under continuous compression with normoxic helium-oxygen mixture up to 100 Ata with the velocity 1 Ata/min, guinea pigs developed successively tremor, myoclonias, seizures of clonic and tonic types. Blood supply of cerebral structures (cortex, black substance, caudate nucleus) during motor disorders increased depending on the stage of development of the high pressure neural syndrome. The role of cerebral circulation in the latter's pathogenesis is discussed. |
| The management of high blood pressure Corr, W. P. (1952), Med Clin North Am 21: 1013-24. |
| The management of high blood pressure in general practice Hart, J. T. (1975), J R Coll Gen Pract 25(152): 160-92. |
| The management of patients with high blood pressure Hutcheson, J. M. (1952), W V Med J 48(2): 35-8. |
| The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 2. Modestly elevated levels of sodium in drinking water and blood pressure levels in high school students Tuthill, R. W. and E. J. Calabrese (1985), Toxicol Ind Health 1(1): 11-7. Abstract: The blood pressure (BP) of tenth grade students from a town with 42 mg Na/L in drinking water was compared to that of comparable tenth grade students in a geographically contiguous community with 6 mg Na/L. No statistically significant difference occurred in mean BP between the two communities for males and females for diastolic BP and male systolic BP. However, the low sodium community females displayed a significantly higher BP (p less than 0.05) of 1.6 mmHg. Analysis of covariance for potentially confounding variables did not significantly alter the initial findings. In summary, an average of 36 mg Na/L higher Na levels in the drinking water was not associated with an increase in BP levels in tenth grade students. |
| The national high blood pressure education program Stokes, J. B., 3rd (1974), J Am Pharm Assoc 14(4): 172-6. |
| The National High Blood Pressure Education Program reaches maturity Cooper, T. (1984), Chest 86(3): 346. |
| The national high blood pressure education program: a description of its utility as a generic program model Roccella, E. J. and G. W. Ward (1984), Health Educ Q 11(3): 225-42. Abstract: The National High Blood Pressure Education Program recently celebrated its tenth anniversary. It is timely and appropriate to assess progress toward the realization of its mission and to examine the critical elements of this large-scale, community-based intervention program. This article describes the origin of the National Program, the planning process and models used in undertaking this national health education effort, the application of theoretical models, and approaches used to evaluate the effort. The lessons learned and the application of the National Program as a model for health education interventions are offered. |
| The National High Blood Pressure Education Program: longtime partners with new strategies Nickey, W. A., C. Lenfant, et al. (2003), J Am Osteopath Assoc 103(6): 297-9. |
| The National High Blood Pressure Education Program: measuring progress and assessing its impact Roccella, E. J. and M. J. Horan (1988), Health Psychol 7 Suppl: 297-303. Abstract: The National High Blood Pressure Education Program has been designed to translate the results of basic and clinical research to medical practice through a program of education for the public, patients, and health professionals. It has continuously used health-education principals of media development, patient education, social networking, community organizations, theories of social change, and program evaluation and measurement to reach its objectives. After 15 years, public knowledge regarding blood pressure and its sequelae has improved dramatically. |
| The national high blood pressure education program: thirty years and counting Jones, D. W. and J. E. Hall (2002), Hypertension 39(5): 941-2. |
| The National High Blood Pressure Program Frohlich, E. (1988), J Am Coll Cardiol 12(3): 812-3. |
| The nature and efficacy of intervention studies in the National High Blood Pressure Education Research Program Garrity, T. F. and A. R. Garrity (1985), J Hypertens Suppl 3(1): S91-5. Abstract: Results from seven research projects funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute are reviewed. These methodologically advanced studies employed a variety of intervention strategies intended to improve blood pressure control and patient adherence to therapeutic recommendations. The strategies are categorized as representing four themes. The 'active patient' theme emphasizes the need to increase patient responsibility for self-care. The 'social support' theme is represented in interventions in which another person provides various resources for meeting the illness challenge. The 'fear arousal' theme is seen in manoeuvres that attempt to heighten patient concern about the dire consequences of illness. Finally, the 'patient instruction' theme is expressed as transmittal of information about the nature of the illness or therapeutic regimen. Studies using the 'active patient' theme, especially contingency contracting, and those employing 'social support' approaches, especially those involving home visitation of patients by members of the health care team, were found to be most effective. |
| The oxygen saturation of the blood in man at high altitudes during respiration under excess pressure Maksimov, I. V., V. A. Glazkova, et al. (1967), Voen Med Zh 6: 58-61. |
| The oxygen supply to the retina. II. Effects of high intraocular pressure and of increased arterial carbon dioxide tension on uveal and retinal blood flow in cats. A study with radioactively labelled microspheres including flow determinations in brain and some other tissues Alm, A. and A. Bill (1972), Acta Physiol Scand 84(3): 306-19. |
| The physician's role in improving patient outcome in high blood pressure control Levine, D. M., L. R. Bone, et al. (1983), Md State Med J 32(4): 291-3. |
| The place of bretylium tosylate in the treatment of high blood pressure Dollery, C. T. (1960), Practitioner 184: 116-21. |
| The prevalence of high blood pressure among 40 year old men and women Hollnagel, H., A. Leth, et al. (1979), Acta Med Scand Suppl 626: 42-3. |
| The Prevention and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Friedman, L., J. Cutler, et al. (2000), J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2(4): 246-247. |
| The primary prevention of high blood pressure: a population approach Blackburn, H., R. Grimm, Jr., et al. (1985), Prev Med 14(4): 466-81. Abstract: This article presents our view of the evidence and strategies for the primary prevention of high blood pressure. We (a) attempt to indicate where the potential for prevention, along with relative safety, is sufficient for action, and (b) provide an outline of our ideas and experience in communicating these strategies. We believe that a unified preventive message and plan to control and prevent high blood pressure in whole communities is possible. Such a plan must emphasize the benefits that may accrue from a more healthful lifestyle. We believe that an eating and activity pattern that is attractive, palatable, and feasible can be proposed and modeled to fit different cultures and traditions. Finally, we present the idea that medical, preventive strategies and safe, feasible, and credible community-based programs are complementary modes of dissemination. In such programs, health professionals and medical services share roles with community leaders and organizations. This population strategy is indicated along with vigorous systematic hypertension detection and treatment as well as further research. A population strategy is, we believe, essential to the primary prevention of hypertension, i.e., to the prevention of elevated blood pressure in the first place. |
| The primary prevention of high blood pressure--a population approach Blackburn, H. (1984), Ann Clin Res 16 Suppl 43: 9-17. Abstract: The primary prevention of high blood pressure is one of the more significant challenges to scientists and public health leaders alike. The areas of relative certainty and uncertainty reviewed here about the potential for prevention may be taken up by official bodies and translated into more specific recommendations. Prevention principles can be applied to each of the major precursors of hypertension in the population. The potential for prevention along with relative safety is sufficient for action. Prevention of high blood pressure in whole communities is possible and an eating and activity pattern which is attractive and feasible can be proposed and modeled to different traditional cultures. Medical preventive strategies are proposed along with reasonable, practical, safe, feasible, credible community-based programs as the principal mode of dissemination. In such programs, health professionals and medical services share roles with community leaders and organizations. A population strategy is essential to the primary prevention of hypertension. Further research is needed in prevention and health promotion methods. |
| The protective mechanism of estrogen on high blood pressure von Eiff, A. W., H. M. Lutz, et al. (1985), Basic Res Cardiol 80(2): 191-201. Abstract: In 2 series of experiments on 144 SHRSP, the influence of treatment with different doses of 17-beta-estradiolbenzoate (EB) (0.031, 0.125, 0.5 mg/kg EB or placebo) on the development of hypertension from the 9th to 22nd week of life (increase of blood pressure (BP) of untreated male rats from 178 to 252 mm Hg and of untreated female rats from 151 to 192 mm Hg) and in well established hypertension from the 23th to 36th weeks of life (male untreated rats 238 mm Hg (prior to the observation was investigated. In both series, observation periods consisted of a therapy phase of 14 weeks and a follow-up phase of the same duration. The untreated female rats had a longer life-span (88.5 weeks) than the untreated male rats (68.0 weeks). The estrogen treatment of female animals had an effect on BP only with the highest dose of EB and had no effect on the life-span of the animals. However, in male rats, the development of hypertension was inhibited by EB. Male rats treated at an earlier stage had a life-span equal to that of the female animals. When hypertension was already well-established treatment with EB had an antihypertensive effect in male rats (BP fall: 27-36 mm Hg), but no prolongation of the life-span was obtained. |
| The rationale of treating high blood pressure in the elderly George, C. F. (1979), Age Ageing 8(2): 110-4. Abstract: The elderly are at risk from stroke and cardiac complications of hypertension. There is strong circumstantial evidence to indicate that these risks may be reduced by hypotensive therapy. However, the decision to treat must be taken after careful appraisal of the patient and, because the risks of therapy are higher in this age group, the choice of drugs should be restricted. |
| The relation between coronary heart disease and high blood pressure Hilden, T. (1986), Acta Med Scand Suppl 714: 159-63. |
| The relative risk of myocardial infarction in patients who have high blood pressure and non-cardiac pain Psaty, B. M., T. D. Koepsell, et al. (1987), J Gen Intern Med 2(6): 381-7. Abstract: The authors conducted a population-based case--control study to determine the risk of myocardial infarction in patients who reported angina-like symptoms. The cases studied were those of patients who had high blood pressure and had sought treatment in 1984 with myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of coronary artery disease. Controls, a random sample of patients who had hypertension, were frequency-matched to cases by age and gender. Blind to case--control status, the authors reviewed the medical records of the 32 cases and 64 controls for reports of angina-like symptoms. While controls reported such symptoms at a constant rate, the events for the cases clustered near their infarctions. When a patient with hypertension sought medical advice for angina-like symptoms, the risk of infarction within 30 days was 14.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 71), and after 30 days it fell to 1.03. Among patients who have high blood pressure but no history of angina, presentations with prodromal symptoms in the primary care setting are so common that only about one in 100 such visits actually heralds myocardial infarction. |
| The renin system and future trends in management of high blood pressure Laragh, J. H. (1980), Clin Exp Hypertens 2(3-4): 525-52. Abstract: Recent research has shown that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in maintaining or causing high blood pressure in the majority of patients and it has demonstrated that renin-sodium profiling defines this involvement. Plasma renin activity measurements reveal the degree of renin-mediated vasoconstriction supporting the blood pressure, and the urinary sodium value indicates the appropriateness of the renin activity to the volume status. Together with determination of serum potassium levels, this test is basic for screening and for definitive diagnosis of the surgically curable forms of renovascular and adrenocortical hypertension. For the remaining majority of patients with other forms of hypertension, renin profiling, used in the context of the vaso-constriction-volume analytical model, helps to reveal the relative participation of vasoconstriction and volume factors and it thereby guides simpler, more specific, and more predictable treatments using either antirenin or antivolume agents. In particular, renin profiling allows the physician to select those patients who should first receive a beta-blocker or a newer anti-renin drug instead of a diuretic. The vasoconstriction-volume analysis also can provide useful baseline information about the pace, severity, and prognosis of the disease in individual patients. For medical practice the new approach enables treatment with one drug instead of two for major subgroups, and the likelihood of more specific physiologic corrections. More research within this framework promises even better treatments as we near final solutions. |
| The renin system in high blood pressure, from disbelief to reality: converting-enzyme blockade for analysis and treatment Laragh, J. H. (1978), Prog Cardiovasc Dis 21(3): 159-66. |
| The Report of Fifth Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: a "loose" constructionist view Black, H. R. (1995), Am J Hypertens 8(3): 331-3, 334-5. |
| The report on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure Barclay, W. R. (1977), Jama 237(3): 267. |
| The restriction of salt intake for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure Skrabal, F. (1999), Dtsch Med Wochenschr 124(45): 1342-50. |
| The risks of hypertension: a renewed call for high blood pressure control Lackland, D. T. (2000), Am J Hypertens 13(6 Pt 1): 736-8. |
| The role of biological clocks in formation of standards, pathology, and in therapy. 1. Chronobiological aspects of formation of blood pressure in children with positive and negative family history of relatively high blood pressure Wan, C., Z. Wang, et al. (1995), Biofizika 40(5): 994-5. Abstract: There are a difference in average values and in amplitudes of about-7 and monthly rhythms of infants' blood pressure with positive and negative family history to the hypertension. Chronobiological approach to these problem can reveal hypertension risk at the early stage of life. |
| The role of diet in the treatment of high blood pressure Wilber, J. A. (1982), J Am Diet Assoc 80(1): 25-9. Abstract: Recent reports on the effectiveness of moderate salt restriction and moderate weight loss in reducing elevated blood pressure have stimulated a renewed interest in dietary control of hypertension. It is possible that mild hypertensives (diastolic 90 to 104 mm. Hg.) can maintain normal blood pressure on diet therapy alone, with out anti-hypertensive medication. The role of the dietitian in the management of hypertensive patients is reviewed, and barriers to this role's effectiveness are discussed. It is recommended that national efforts be exerted to make this safe therapy available to all. |